The problem of doing more: success and paradoxes in scaling up informal initiatives for disaster risk reduction and climate action

Figures & data

Table 1. Empirical activities conducted in the four locations.

	Visits conducted by local team (by int. team)	Interviews with residents (with officers)	Focus groups	DRR initiatives documented	Hours of interviews	Meetings with community leaders
Yumbo, Colombia	7 (3)	6 (3)	4	9	11	10
Salgar, Colombia	3 (1)	10 (2)	1	2	9	2
Carahatas, Cuba	8 (2)	10 (10)	4	4	10	6
Concepción, Chile	4 (0)	5 (5)	4	9	9	6

Table 2. Summary of workshops held with community leaders.

	Yumbo	Salgar	Carahatas	Concepción
Leaders participating	Six local	Three local	Four local leaders + two from Colombia, and one from Chile	Four local
Researchers/professors participating	20 from four countries	18 from four countries	20 from four countries	Four local professors
Students participating	14 local, 16 from other participating countries	Two from other participating countries	12 local, 18 from other participating countries	20 local
Hours of meetings with leaders	16 over six days	6 over three days	24 over six days	20 over several days
Hours of presentation by community leaders	3	3	6	3

Table 3. Summary of DRR activities, including type of risk addressed and response deployed.

					Type of risk							Type of response
	Micro-projet number and name	Location	Type	Flood	Sea-level rise	Landslides	Droughts	Pollution Air/Soil/Water	Food insecurity	Deforestation	Crime and violence	Urban agriculture	Sports and recreational activities	Art and cultural events	Education and training activities	Infrastructure/urban
1	Vertical Community Garden	Concepción, Chile	A						•		•	•			•
2	Pottery Workshop	Concepción, Chile	A	•										•	•
3	Natural Mitigation and Irrigation Barrier	Concepción, Chile	B			•
4	Urban Edge - Sustainable Urban Drainage System	Yumbo, Colombia	A	•		•				•	•		•			•
5	Water Management System	Yumbo, Colombia	A	•		•				•			•			•
6	Community Gardens	Yumbo, Colombia	A						•	•		•			•
7	Reforesting Yumbo	Yumbo, Colombia	A			•	•			•					•
8	Resilient Housing	Carahatas, Cuba	A		•											•
9	Community Group Mujeres del Mar	Carahatas, Cuba	A		•									•	•	•
10	Circle of interest Yo me adapto	Carahatas, Cuba	A		•						•			•	•
11	Botanical Illustration	Concepción, Chile	B							•				•	•
12	Classrooms Natural Environments	Concepción, Chile	B					•		•				•	•
13	Forest Therapy	Concepción, Chile	B							•				•	•
14	Plaza Nonguen	Concepción, Chile	A/B								•			•	•	•
15	Estuary Dome	Concepción, Chile	B								•	•				•
16	Recovering water	Concepción, Chile	B	•			•	•		•						•
17	Family Garden	Yumbo, Colombia	B						•			•
18	Creek Reforesting	Yumbo, Colombia	B			•				•					•	•
19	Coastal Festival	Carahatas, Cuba	A		•									•	•
20	Ecosystem Adaptation	Salgar, Colombia	B			•				•				•	•
21	Managing the Risk	Salgar, Colombia	B					•		•				•	•
22	Urban Edge (II)	Yumbo, Colombia	A	•		•				•	•		•			•
23	Family Garden (II)	Yumbo, Colombia	B						•			•
24	Creek Reforesting (II)	Yumbo, Colombia	B			•				•					•	•

Table 4. Summary of impacts produced by bottom-up DRR initiatives.

Table 5. Progression of impact during the four years of the study (totals per year).

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4
Cities targeted for implementation activities	3	4	4	4
Neighbourhoods impacted	3	7	8	8
Residents potentially impacted (approx.)	500	700	1000	1100
NGOs participating in implementation activities	1	2	4	4
Stakeholders (institutions) involved	9	13	10	14
Researchers (professors) involved	12	18	22	27

Table 6. Type of impact achieved through each DRR local initiative.

		Leaders involved*	Cities targeted for implementation activities	Neighbourhoods impacted **	Residents potentially impacted	NGOs participating in implementation activities	Stakeholders (institutions) involved	Researchers (professors) involved	Students involved
	Initiative (name)
1	Vertical Community Garden	7	1	1	90	4	4	8	15
2	Pottery Workshop	3	1	1	45	1	4	6	2
3	Natural Mitigation and Irrigation Barrier	0	1	1	0	1	2	4	0
4	Sustainable Urban Drainage System	8	1	1	350	1	3	2	9
5	Water Management System	8	1	1	150	2	3	3	9
6	Community Gardens	9	1	1	450	4	3	2	8
7	Reforesting Yumbo	7	1	1	300	4	3	2	9
8	Resilient Housing	1	1	1	215	2	3	3	2
9	Community Group Mujeres del Mar	6	1	1	130	2	2	3	1
10	Circle of interest Yo me adapto	4	1	1	200	2	2	3	2
11	Botanical Illustration	2	1	1	35	2	2	2	3
12	Classrooms Natural Environments	3	1	1	40	2	2	3	0
13	Forest Therapy	4	1	1	80	1	3	4	20
14	Plaza Nonguen	0	1	1	0	1	1	2	2
15	Estuary Dome	3	1	1	60	1	2	3	2
16	Recovering water	5	1	1	250	3	2	2	0
17	Family Garden	2	1	1	175	2	3	2	3
18	Creek Reforesting	2	1	1	75	3	2	2	3
19	Coastal Festival	3	1	1	0	1	1	3	0
20	Ecosystem Adaptation	8	1	1	160	8	4	2	1
21	Managing the Risk	5	1	1	400	6	4	2	1
22	Urban Edge (II)	8	1	1	350	1	3	2	9
23	Family Garden (II)	2	1	1	175	2	3	2	3
24	Creek Reforesting (II)	2	1	1	75	3	2	2	3
	TOTAL *	102	N/A	N/A	3805	59	63	N/A	107

Note: *These total figures must be taken with prudence, because some leaders, students, residents, and stakeholders participated in more than one initiative. Therefore, they might be counted more than once.

Table 7. Progression of impact during the four years of the study (totals per year).

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4
Areas where the framework was applied in Colombia	2	2	3	3
Areas where the framework was applied in Cuba	1	4	6	18
Areas where the framework was applied in Chile	3	1	1	1

Table 8. Progression of impact during the four years of the study (totals per year).

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4
Institutions impacted in Yumbo, Colombia	Municipality	Municipality	Municipality; CIDEA	Municipality; CIDEA; CAR
Institutions impacted in Salgar, Colombia	Municipality	Municipality	Municipality; Regional Risk Unit	Municipality; Regional Risk Unit; CORANTIOQUIA
Institutions impacted in Cuba	Municipality	Municipality	Municipality; CITMA	Municipality; CITMA
Institutions impacted in Chile	Municipality; National Programme Quiero mi Barrio	Municipality; National Programme Quiero mi Barrio	Municipality; National Programme Quiero mi Barrio	Municipality; National Programme Quiero mi Barrio; Housing and Urban Development Service (SERVIU)
Leaders trained		10 (Colombia)	12 (Cuba)	8 (Chile)

Table 9. Results of scaling up DRR initiatives in planning documents.

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4
Planning documents influenced in Yumbo, Colombia	NA	Municipal plan	Risk plan	Environmental plan
Planning documents influenced in Salgar, Colombia	NA	Environmental plan	Municipal plan	Risk management Plan
Planning documents influenced in Carahatas, Cuba	Municipal plan	Environmental plan	Risk plan	Educational plan
Planning documents influenced in Concepción, Chile	NA	NA	Risk plan	Municipal plan