https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-5890
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Abstract
The revolutionary microstrip technology for wireless communication suffers from relatively large size and low radiation efficiency when modeled for the current challenging hardware. An efficient solution to this subject is the quasi-lumped element (LE) approach. Therefore, this manuscript is a tutorial on the progress in quasi-LE resonator antennas, and it has been transcribed as an introduction or assessment for the readers. The paper traces the LEs’ history and fundamental principles. The modeling procedures of the quasi-LE resonator and its essential outline are summarized. A review of the quasi-LE resonator antennas for 5.8 GHz applications has been presented. Measurement reports of a unique quasi-LE antenna are also illustrated. Finally, the intended methods are compared with other configurations while considering the several important performance parameters of antennas.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Notes on contributors
Shahanawaz Kamal
Shahanawaz Kamal was born in Mumbai, India. He received the BE and ME degrees in electronics and telecommunication engineering from the University of Mumbai, India in 2013 and 2017, respectively. He is currently working toward the PhD degree in antenna and propagation with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. He joined Vedang Cellular Services Pvt. Ltd., India as an In-Building Solution (IBS) Engineer in 2014. He was a visiting lecturer at the Department of Information Technology, M. H. Saboo Siddik Polytechnic, India in 2016. His research interests include conceptualization, design, development and measurement of PCB or sheet metal antennas with single element, array and MIMO configurations for ISM, LTE, mmWave and 5G applications. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Abdullahi S. B. Mohammed
Abdullahi S B Mohammed received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering from Bayero University Kano, Nigeria in 2008, and the MSc degree in electrical engineering with prime focus on telecommunication from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria in 2014. He is currently working toward the PhD degree in antenna and propagation with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Email: [email protected]
Mohd Fadzil Bin Ain
Mohd Fadzil Bin Ain received the BS degree in electronic engineering from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia in 1997; the MS degree in radio frequency and microwave from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia in 1999; and the PhD degree in radio frequency and microwave from the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom in 2003. In 2003, he joined the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, USM. He is currently a professor with VK7 grade, the Dean of Research, Postgraduate and Networking, and the Director of Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC). He is actively involved in technical consultancy with several companies in repairing microwave equipment. His current research interests include MIMO wireless system on FPGA/DSP, Ka-band transceiver design, dielectric antenna, RF characterization of dielectric material, and microwave propagation study. Dr Ain’s awards and honors include International Invention Innovation Industrial Design and Technology Exhibition, International Exposition of Research and Inventions of Institutions of Higher Leaning, Malaysia Technology Expo, Malaysian Association of Research Scientists, Seoul International Invention Fair, iENA, Best Paper for the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Data Networks, Communications, Computers, and International Conference on X-Ray & Related Techniques in Research and Industry. Email: [email protected]
Fathul Najmi
Fathul Najmi received the BE degree in electronic engineering from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia in 2014. Since 2015, he is employed as a research officer under the supervision of Professor Ir Dr Mohd Fadzil Bin Ain. His research interests include microwave circuits, and compact antennas. Email: [email protected]
Roslina Hussin
Roslina Hussin received the BSc degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tulsa, United States of America in 1994, and the MSc degree in communication engineering from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia in 2016. She joined the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, USM as a Research Officer in 2011. Email: [email protected]
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Zainal Arifin Ahmad received the BS degree in materials engineering from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; the MS degree from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, United Kingdom; and the PhD degree from the University of Sheffield, United Kingdom. He is currently a senior professor with the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. His current research interests include ZTA ceramic for cutting insert, low-temperature-cofired-ceramics-based circuits, metal-ceramic joining, crystal glaze ceramic, TCP bioceramic, and dielectric ceramic for antennas Email: [email protected]
Ubaid Ullah
Ubaid Ullah received the BS degree in electrical engineering from CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan in 2010; the MS and PhD degrees in electronic engineering from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia in 2012 and 2017, respectively. He was a post-doctoral researcher at the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Iceland. He has published several articles in ISI indexed journals and some well-reputed international conferences. His current research interests include dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), wideband DRAs, microwave circuits, low-temperature-cofired-ceramics-based antenna in package, applied electromagnetics, and small antennas. Email: [email protected]
Mohamadariff Othman
Mohamadariff Othman received his bachelor's degree in Electronic Engineering from Multimedia University, Malaysia in 2006; the MSc degree in RF and microwave field from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia in 2008; and the PhD degree in antenna and propagation field from USM in 2015. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia as a senior lecturer in 2016 after serving a private university for almost one and half year. His research interests include 5G antenna, dielectric characterization, dielectric resonator antenna design, and optimization of antenna design. Email: [email protected]
Mohd Fariz Ab Rahman
Mohd Fariz Ab Rahman was born in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. He received the BEng (Hons) degree in materials engineering from Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia in 2010; the MSc and PhD degrees in materials engineering from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia in 2014 and 2017, respectively. In 2018, he joined the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, USM as a Research Assistant under the supervision of Professor Ir Dr Mohd Fadzil Bin Ain. He has authored or co-authored more than 20 articles. His research interests include materials engineering, materials science and electro-ceramics which include the development of ceramic materials for electronic devices. Email: [email protected]