Agricultural commercialisation and changing labour regimes in Zimbabwe

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of Mvurwi/Chiweshe study area.

Figure 2. Farmworkers’ country of origins (%).

Table 1. Gender and wages of farmworkers per sector and employment type.

Type of farmworkers		LSCFs (N = 50)		A2 (N = 45)		A2-JVs (N = 49)		A1 farms (N = 71)		CAs (N = 51)		Compound (N = 92)		Total(N = 358)
	Gender	% of farmworkers	Average monthly wage($)	% of farmworkers	Average monthly wage($)	% of farmworkers	Average monthly wage($)	% of farmworkers	Average monthly wage($)	% of farmworkers	Average monthly wage($)	% of farmworkers	Average monthly wage($)	% of farmworkers
Permanent	F	28.6	71.7	9.1	0	25	85	5.6	60	47.4	104.4	31.6	67.5	26.5
	M	71.4	72.3	90.9	88.4	75	94.2	94.4	63.5	52.6	99.5	68.4	84.6	73.5
	Sub-total	35.9		9.4		6.8		15.4		16.2		16.2		100	33.6
Temporary	F	28.6	78	26.1		38.5	77.6	61.5	76.3	0	0	100	60	32.3
	M	71.4	67.2	73.9	64.1	61.5	82.7	38.5	96	100	53.1	0	0	67.7
	Sub-total	7.1		23.2		39.4		13.1		16.2		1		100	28.4
Seasonal	F	0	90	0	0	0	71.7	23.8	62	6.7	18	11.1	45	14
	M	100	0	100	70	100	66	76.2	75.6	93.3	25.7	88.9	53.8	86
	Sub-total	2		4		4		42		30		18		100	14.4
Contract	F	0	0	0	69.5	0	78	25	30	0	0	36.1	60	31.7
	M	0	0	100	80.7	0	72.3	75	68.8	100	90	63.9	45.8	68.3
	Sub-total	0		4.9		0		19.5		1.2		74.4		100	23.6
Total	F	33.3	50.8	26.5	61.1	34.7	78.6	28	72.6	19.6	95.8	82.5	69.5	27.4
	M	66.7	54.4	73.5	70.5	65.3	83.8	72	72.1	80.4	56	82.5	72.4	72.4
	Sub-total	25.9		19.5		14.1		14.4		14.7		11.5			100

Table 2. Farmworkers’ land access and use (ha).

Farming sectors	Average land ‘owned’	Average rented in area	Average cropped area	Land utilisation (%)
LSCFs	0.5	0.04	0.3	60.0
A2 farms	0.3	0.08	0.3	100.0
A2-JVs	0.2	0.06	0.2	100.0
A1 farms	0.5	0.05	0.4	80.0
Compound	0.6	0.01	0.5	83.3
CAs	1.2	0.04	0.7	58.3

Source: APRA survey, 2018–19.

Figure 3. Workers’ agricultural commodity production and sales for the 2016–17 farming season.

Figure 4. Diversified sources of income.