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Articles

Surface water–groundwater interactions in catchment scale water resources assessments—understanding and hypothesis testing with a hydrological model

Interactions entre eaux souterraines et eaux de surface dans l’évaluation des ressources en eau. Compréhension et test d’hypothèse à l’échelle du bassin utilisant un modèle hydrologique

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Pages 1880-1895 | Received 25 Apr 2014, Accepted 07 Apr 2015, Published online: 23 Sep 2015

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Catchment-scale processes associated with surface water and groundwater interactions and some of the key questions related to understanding and modelling.

Fig. 1 Catchment-scale processes associated with surface water and groundwater interactions and some of the key questions related to understanding and modelling.

Table 1 Components and parameters of the Pitman model associated with SW/GW interactions.

Table 2 Parameters of the daily version of the Pitman model used for the Ecca River example (ZMIN and ZMAX are parameters of the surface runoff function, while R is part of the evapotranspiration routine).

Fig. 2 Uncertainty analysis results of the application of the daily version of the model for the Ecca catchment.

Fig. 2 Uncertainty analysis results of the application of the daily version of the model for the Ecca catchment.

Table 3 Parameters and objective functions for the “best” Sabie River ensembles for each test period compared with the full time series of observed data (fixed parameters; POW = 2.5, GPOW = 3.5; SL = 0, SLG = 0).

Fig. 3 Mean monthly simulated components of the total baseflow (interflow and groundwater drainage) for the two Sabie River example scenarios.

Fig. 3 Mean monthly simulated components of the total baseflow (interflow and groundwater drainage) for the two Sabie River example scenarios.

Table 4 Uncertain parameters used for the Breede River catchment.

Fig. 4 Breede River uncertainty results: (a) recharge versus an index of total GW loss; (b) comparison of the two abstraction volumes; (c) impact of GW gradient parameter; and (d) impact of riparian strip parameter.

Fig. 4 Breede River uncertainty results: (a) recharge versus an index of total GW loss; (b) comparison of the two abstraction volumes; (c) impact of GW gradient parameter; and (d) impact of riparian strip parameter.

Fig. 5 Relationship between recharge and riparian strip evapotranspiration parameter (RIP) for the Crocodile River tributary for ensembles with the 50th FDC percentile equal to zero (the open squares are for RIP values of ≤ 0.6%).

Fig. 5 Relationship between recharge and riparian strip evapotranspiration parameter (RIP) for the Crocodile River tributary for ensembles with the 50th FDC percentile equal to zero (the open squares are for RIP values of ≤ 0.6%).

Fig. 6 Groundwater conditions for the Gamagara River example: (a) model concepts; and (b) real conditions.

Fig. 6 Groundwater conditions for the Gamagara River example: (a) model concepts; and (b) real conditions.

Fig. 7 Gamagara River results (simulated and observed groundwater levels: (a) sub-catchment A; (b) sub-catchment C without de-watering; (c) sub-catchment C with de-watering; and (d) sub-catchment D with and without de-watering (m bgl: metres below ground level).

Fig. 7 Gamagara River results (simulated and observed groundwater levels: (a) sub-catchment A; (b) sub-catchment C without de-watering; (c) sub-catchment C with de-watering; and (d) sub-catchment D with and without de-watering (m bgl: metres below ground level).

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