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Articles

Non-point source pollution estimation in the Pingqiao River Basin, China, using a spatial hydrograph-separation approach

, , , , &
Pages 962-973 | Received 23 Feb 2018, Accepted 26 Mar 2019, Published online: 29 May 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1. Location information for the Taihu Basin and Tianmu sub-basin.

Figure 1. Location information for the Taihu Basin and Tianmu sub-basin.

Figure 2. Topographical (DEM: digital elevation model) and land-use information of the Pingqiao River Basin.

Figure 2. Topographical (DEM: digital elevation model) and land-use information of the Pingqiao River Basin.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of NPS pollution model mechanism and process.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of NPS pollution model mechanism and process.

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of surface/subsurface flow conditions of the RRI model (Sayama Citation2011).

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of surface/subsurface flow conditions of the RRI model (Sayama Citation2011).

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the hydrograph separation by spatial sources of rainwater. Source: Sayama and McDonnell (Citation2009). See text for explanation.

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the hydrograph separation by spatial sources of rainwater. Source: Sayama and McDonnell (Citation2009). See text for explanation.

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of storage water separation by the RRI model and the T-SAS.

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of storage water separation by the RRI model and the T-SAS.

Figure 7. Hydrograph-separation results at Point ①, using the T-SAS.

Figure 7. Hydrograph-separation results at Point ①, using the T-SAS.

Figure 8. Observed source runoff concentrations for the different land-use types studied.

Figure 8. Observed source runoff concentrations for the different land-use types studied.

Figure 9. Stream NPS nutrient concentration simulation and validation.

Figure 9. Stream NPS nutrient concentration simulation and validation.

Figure 10. Long-term simulation of the NPS nutrient loads.

Figure 10. Long-term simulation of the NPS nutrient loads.

Figure 11. Summary of the temporal and spatial contributions of the NPS nutrients.

Figure 11. Summary of the temporal and spatial contributions of the NPS nutrients.

Table 1. Summary of simulation results separated by land use.

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