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Original Articles

Variation and homogeneity in affective responses to physical activity of varying intensities: An alternative perspective on dose – response based on evolutionary considerations

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Pages 477-500 | Accepted 23 Sep 2004, Published online: 18 Feb 2007

Figures & data

Figure 1. The inverted-J (solid part of the line) and inverted-U hypotheses of the relationship between the intensity of physical activity and affective benefits. An intensity that is “too low” is believed to be ineffective in producing significant affective benefits, whereas an intensity that is “too high” may be ineffective or aversive. An intensity approximating 60 – 70% of maximal aerobic capacity (i.e. not “too low” and not “too high”) is believed to provide the optimal stimulus for positive affective changes.

Figure 1. The inverted-J (solid part of the line) and inverted-U hypotheses of the relationship between the intensity of physical activity and affective benefits. An intensity that is “too low” is believed to be ineffective in producing significant affective benefits, whereas an intensity that is “too high” may be ineffective or aversive. An intensity approximating 60 – 70% of maximal aerobic capacity (i.e. not “too low” and not “too high”) is believed to provide the optimal stimulus for positive affective changes.

Figure 2. An alternative dose – response model based on the three-domain typology of physical activity intensity. Within the moderate domain of intensity, there is a trend towards homogeneously positive affective changes. At intensities that approximate the heavy domain, variability emerges, with some individuals reporting changes towards pleasure and some reporting changes towards displeasure. Within the severe domain of intensity, the affective changes tend to be homogeneously negative. See text for definitions of the three intensity domains.

Figure 2. An alternative dose – response model based on the three-domain typology of physical activity intensity. Within the moderate domain of intensity, there is a trend towards homogeneously positive affective changes. At intensities that approximate the heavy domain, variability emerges, with some individuals reporting changes towards pleasure and some reporting changes towards displeasure. Within the severe domain of intensity, the affective changes tend to be homogeneously negative. See text for definitions of the three intensity domains.

Table I. Percentages of participants reporting an improvement, no change, or a decline in affective valence as measured by the Feeling Scale in five studies

Table II. Percentages of participants reporting an improvement, no change, or a decline in affective valence as measured by the Feeling Scale across the phases of an incremental treadmill protocol

Table III. Percentages of participants reporting an improvement, no change, or a decline in affective valence as measured by the Feeling Scale during 15-min runs below the ventilatory threshold (  < VT), at the ventilatory threshold (@VT) and above the ventilatory threshold (  > VT) (n  =  30)

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