A faster running speed is associated with a greater body weight loss in 100-km ultra-marathoners

Abstract

In 219 recreational male runners, we investigated changes in body mass, total body water, haematocrit, plasma sodium concentration ([Na⁺]), and urine specific gravity as well as fluid intake during a 100-km ultra-marathon. The athletes lost 1.9 kg (s = 1.4) of body mass, equal to 2.5% (s = 1.8) of body mass (P < 0.001), 0.7 kg (s = 1.0) of predicted skeletal muscle mass (P < 0.001), 0.2 kg (s = 1.3) of predicted fat mass (P < 0.05), and 0.9 L (s = 1.6) of predicted total body water (P < 0.001). Haematocrit decreased (P < 0.001), urine specific gravity (P < 0.001), plasma volume (P < 0.05), and plasma [Na⁺] (P < 0.05) all increased. Change in body mass was related to running speed (r = −0.16, P < 0.05), change in plasma volume was associated with change in plasma [Na⁺] (r = −0.28, P < 0.0001), and change in body mass was related to both change in plasma [Na⁺] (r = −0.36) and change in plasma volume (r = 0.31) (P < 0.0001). The athletes consumed 0.65 L (s = 0.27) fluid per hour. Fluid intake was related to both running speed (r = 0.42, P < 0.0001) and change in body mass (r = 0.23, P = 0.0006), but not post-race plasma [Na⁺] or change in plasma [Na⁺] (P > 0.05). In conclusion, faster runners lost more body mass, runners lost more body mass when they drank less fluid, and faster runners drank more fluid than slower runners.

Keywords:

• Fluid metabolism
• electrolyte
• urine specific gravity
• hydration status