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Original Articles

Conditions of formation of ochratoxin A in drying, transport and in different commodities

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Pages 10-16 | Published online: 09 Aug 2006

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of temperature and water activity on production of ochratoxin (µg/g) by Penicillium verrucosum (isolate OTA11) and A. ochraceus on wheat grain stored for 56 days under different temperature and moisture conditions. Bars represent LSD (p = 0.05) between treatments. Please note the scale on the y-axis differs.

Figure 1. Effect of temperature and water activity on production of ochratoxin (µg/g) by Penicillium verrucosum (isolate OTA11) and A. ochraceus on wheat grain stored for 56 days under different temperature and moisture conditions. Bars represent LSD (p = 0.05) between treatments. Please note the scale on the y-axis differs.

Figure 2. Comparison of limits for for growth (0.1 mm/day) and ochratoxin A production (10 ppb; - - -) by a strain of P. verrucosum grown on irradiated wheat grain for 35 days. Straight lines indicate optimum conditions of temperature and water activity (adapted from Sanchis and Magan (Citation2004)).

Figure 2. Comparison of limits for for growth (0.1 mm/day) and ochratoxin A production (10 ppb; - - -) by a strain of P. verrucosum grown on irradiated wheat grain for 35 days. Straight lines indicate optimum conditions of temperature and water activity (adapted from Sanchis and Magan (Citation2004)).

Figure 3. Effect of temperature and water activity on germination rates of an isolate of A. carbonarius on an artificial grape juice medium. Bar represents LSD (p = 0.05) between treatments.

Figure 3. Effect of temperature and water activity on germination rates of an isolate of A. carbonarius on an artificial grape juice medium. Bar represents LSD (p = 0.05) between treatments.

Figure 4. Contour map of the effect of water activity × temperature interactions on growth of an isolate of A. carbonarius on an artificial grape juice medium. The numbers on the isopleth lines refer to similar conditions of growth (mm/day). Data is adapted and modified from Mitchell et al. (Citation2004).

Figure 4. Contour map of the effect of water activity × temperature interactions on growth of an isolate of A. carbonarius on an artificial grape juice medium. The numbers on the isopleth lines refer to similar conditions of growth (mm/day). Data is adapted and modified from Mitchell et al. (Citation2004).

Figure 5. Contour maps of the production of ochratoxin by an isolate of A. carbonarius on an artificial grape juice medium (adapted from Mitchell et al. (Citation2004)).

Figure 5. Contour maps of the production of ochratoxin by an isolate of A. carbonarius on an artificial grape juice medium (adapted from Mitchell et al. (Citation2004)).

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