Controlling nanoparticle delivery in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for cancer treatment: Experimental study in agarose gel

Figures & data

Figure 1. The nanoparticles distribution inside the gel at the beginning of the injection: (a) side view, (b) top view.

Figure 2. A black and white version of the nanoparticles distribution for an infusion flow rate of 1.25 µl/min and a gel concentration of 4%.

Figure 3. Experimental set-up of the RF generator, the coil, and the data acquisition system.

Figure 4. The nanofluid distribution shapes for a gel concentration of (a) 0.2%, (b) 0.5%, (c) 1%, (d) 2% and (e) 4% for different infusion flow rates.

Figure 5. The calculated nanofluid distribution volume in the gel after the injection of 0.3 cc ferrofluid as a function of time during the infusion process.

Figure 6. The ratio of the distribution volume to the infused volume of ferrofluid as a function of the infusion flow rate for different gel concentrations.

Figure 7. The evaluation of the initial slope of the heating curve for a gel concentration of 0.2% and an infusion rate of 4 µl/min (r is the radial distance from the injection site).

Figure 8. The specific absorption rate (SAR) as a function of the radial distance from the nanoparticles injection site.

Table I.  Calculated curve fitting coefficients based on Equation 4 (R² ≥ 98%).

	B (kW/m^3)	r0 (mm)
Gel concentration = 0.2%
Infusion flow rate = 4 µl/min	838.78	5.62
Gel concentration = 0.5%
Infusion flow rate = 3 µl/min	774.47	5.09
Gel concentration = 1%
Infusion flow rate = 2.5 µl/min	950.65	3.18
Gel concentration = 2%
Infusion flow rate = 1.25 µl/min	1223.9	1.95
Gel concentration = 4%
Infusion flow rate = 1.25 µl/min	1748.1	2.37