Metamaterial lens applicator for microwave hyperthermia of breast cancer

Figures & data

Figure 1. Focusing of flat LHM lens in the breast model.

Figure 2. Hyperthermia system with four LHM lenses.

Figure 3. Heterogeneous breast model used in our simulation.

Figure 4. Focusing of the LHM lens system: (A) Image of the focusing, (B) Profile of field distribution, and (C) Source waveform.

Figure 5. Power deposition and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 6 mm tumour centred at (0, 0): (A) Power deposition, and (B) Temperature distribution.

Table I.  Thermal constants suggested for the BHTE [18].

	K (W/m°C)	Cp (J/(kg°C))	A0 (W/m^3)	B (W/(m^3°C))	ρ (kg/m^3)
Tissue	0.499	3550	480	2700	1020
Tumour	0.5641	3510	480	2700	1020
Skin	0.376	3500	1620	9100	1100

Figure 6. Temperature rise with heating time at the centre of the tumour and right outside the tumour.

Figure 7. Power deposition and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 6 mm tumour centred at (1, −1): (A) Power deposition, and (B) Temperature distribution.

Figure 8. Temperature rise with heating time at the centre of tumour and right outside the tumour.

Figure 9. Power deposition and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 12 mm tumour centred at (1, −1): (A) Power deposition, (B) Temperature distribution, and (C) Temperature in tumour.

Figure 10. Temperature rise with heating time at the centre of tumour and right outside the tumour.

Figure 11. Temperature rise with the heating time for hyperthermia with a LHM lens applicator of .

Figure 12. Temperature rise with the heating time for hyperthermia with a LHM lens applicator of .

Figure 13. Temperature rise with the heating time for hyperthermia with a LHM lens applicator of .

Figure 14. Hyperthermia of tumour in a circular breast model with four LHM lenses: (A) The system, and (B) Circular breast model.

Figure 15. Power and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 6 mm tumour centred at (1.5, −1.5): (A) Power deposition, and (B) Temperature distribution.

Figure 16. Power and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 6 mm tumour with 6 GHz microwave: (A) Power deposition, and (B) Temperature distribution.

Figure 17. Power and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 6 mm tumour with 2.45 GHz microwave: (A) Power deposition, and (B) Temperature distribution.

Table II.  Hyperthermia performance of a 6 mm tumour.

		In skin layer			In tumour volume
Microwave frequency	Source amplitude	Peak power level	Highest temperature	Peak SAR	−3 dB power region	Highest temperature	Peak SAR
6 GHz	41.6 V/cm	−14.08 dB	37°C	33.31 W/kg	2.6 mm	43°C	865.12 W/kg
2.45 GHz	53.5 V/cm	−12.81 dB	37°C	18.97 W/kg	5.2 mm	43°C	342.89 W/kg

Figure 18. Power and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 20 mm tumour with 6 GHz microwave: (A) Power deposition, and (B) Temperature distribution.

Figure 19. Power and temperature distribution of hyperthermia of a 20 mm tumour with 2.45 GHz microwave: (A) Power deposition, and (B) Temperature distribution.

Table III.  Hyperthermia performance of a 20 mm tumour.

		In skin layer			In tumour volume
Microwave frequency	Source amplitude	Peak power level	Highest temperature	Peak SAR	−3 dB power region	Highest temperature	Peak SAR
6 GHz	40.7 V/cm	−8.13 dB	37°C	35.31 W/kg	–	43°C	228.43 W/kg
2.45 GHz	34.9 V/cm	−13.62 dB	37°C	0.52 W/kg	6.2 mm	43°C	11.85 W/kg

Converse MC, Bond EJ, Hagness SC, Van Veen BD. Ultrawide-band microwave space-time beam forming for hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer: A computational feasibility study. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 2004; 52: 1876–1889

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