Thermal analysis of magnetic nanoparticle in alternating magnetic field on human HCT-116 colon cancer cell line

Figures & data

Figure 1. Examples of the helical coil used in the research.

Figure 2. The circuit used for testing the medical device.

Figure 3. TEM images of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with diameters 8, 15 and 20 nm.

Figure 4. Percentage viability of HCT-116 human cancer cell lines under magnetic field with maximum intensity equal to 10 kOe and f = 80 kHz. D: diameter.

Table 1. Increase in the dimensionless temperature difference Θ for different concentrations of nanoparticles with diameter equal to 8 nm.

	d (µg/ml)
t (min)	10	20	40	80	160	200
f = 80 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.08 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.01
10	0.14 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.01	1.14 ± 0.01	1.37 ± 0.02
15	0.20 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.02	0.60 ± 0.02	1.13 ± 0.01	1.89 ± 0.02	2.27 ± 0.02
20	0.28 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.02	1.57 ± 0.01	2.62 ± 0.02	3.14 ± 0.03
25	0.36 ± 0.03	0.61 ± 0.02	1.10 ± 0.02	1.98 ± 0.02	3.20 ± 0.03	3.84 ± 0.03
30	0.42 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.02	1.21 ± 0.02	2.10 ± 0.02	3.40 ± 0.03	4.20 ± 0.03
f = 120 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.06 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.01	0.52 ± 0.02	0.63 ± 0.01
10	0.11 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.02	1.10 ± 0.01
15	0.16 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.01	1.49 ± 0.02	1.88 ± 0.01
20	0.22 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.02	0.68 ± 0.02	1.25 ± 0.02	2.07 ± 0.02	2.40 ± 0.02
25	0.30 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.02	1.60 ± 0.02	2.32 ± 0.03	2.80 ± 0.03
30	0.34 ± 0.02	0.57 ± 0.03	0.97 ± 0.03	1.68 ± 0.02	2.69 ± 0.03	3.40 ± 0.03
f = 180 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.06 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.01	0.49 ± 0.01	0.62 ± 0.01
10	0.11 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.02	0.54 ± 0.02	0.90 ± 0.01	1.09 ± 0.02
15	0.16 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.02	0.89 ± 0.02	1.42 ± 0.02	1.79 ± 0.03
20	0.22 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.02	0.68 ± 0.03	1.25 ± 0.03	2.09 ± 0.02	2.51 ± 0.02
25	0.29 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.02	1.59 ± 0.03	2.56 ± 0.02	3.07 ± 0.02
30	0.33 ± 0.02	0.60 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.02	1.66 ± 0.03	2.55 ± 0.02	3.32 ± 0.03

Bold type indicated thermal dose can be dead all of HCT-116 cells at hyperthermia treatment under magnetic field with strength of 10 kOe.

Table 2. Increase in the dimensionless thermal dose Θ for different nanoparticle concentrations with diameter of 15 nm.

	d (µg/ml)
t (min)	10	20	40	80	160	200
f = 80 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.07 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.01	0.67 ± 0.01
10	0.11 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.01	1.10 ± 0.01
15	0.17 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.02	1.60 ± 0.02	1.93 ± 0.02
20	0.24 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.01	0.72 ± 0.02	1.33 ± 0.02	2.23 ± 0.02	2.67 ± 0.02
25	0.32 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.02	0.99 ± 0.02	1.78 ± 0.02	2.88 ± 0.02	3.46 ± 0.02
30	0.36 ± 0.02	0.64 ± 0.01	1.09 ± 0.02	1.89 ± 0.03	2.89 ± 0.02	3.70 ± 0.03
f = 120 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.05 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.01	0.44 ± 0.01	0.52 ± 0.01
10	0.09 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.01	0.86 ± 0.01
15	0.13 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.01	0.72 ± 0.01	1.20 ± 0.01	1.44 ± 0.02
20	0.19 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.02	1.74 ± 0.02	1.88 ± 0.02
25	0.26 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.03	0.78 ± 0.02	1.34 ± 0.02	2.28 ± 0.02	2.73 ± 0.02
30	0.28 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.02	1.42 ± 0.02	2.40 ± 0.02	3.00 ± 0.02
f = 180 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.04 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.01	0.21 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.02	0.43 ± 0.01
10	0.07 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.60 ± 0.01	0.70 ± 0.02
15	0.10 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.02	0.59 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.01	1.18 ± 0.03
20	0.15 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.02	1.40 ± 0.01	1.88 ± 0.02
25	0.20 ± 0.03	0.35 ± 0.02	0.63 ± 0.02	1.08 ± 0.02	1.84 ± 0.02	2.18 ± 0.02
30	0.23 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.01	0.68 ± 0.02	1.16 ± 0.02	1.94 ± 0.02	2.46 ± 0.02

Bold type indicated thermal dose can be dead all of HCT-116 cells at hyperthermia treatment under magnetic field with strength of 10 kOe.

Table 3. Increase in the dimensionless thermal dose Θ for different nanoparticles concentrations with diameter of 20 nm.

	d (µg/ml)
t (min)	10	20	40	80	160	200
f = 80 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.06 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.01	0.51 ± 0.01	0.59 ± 0.01
10	0.10 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.01	0.98 ± 0.01
15	0.15 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.02	0.84 ± 0.02	1.44 ± 0.02	1.71 ± 0.02
20	0.21 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.02	1.20 ± 0.02	2.00 ± 0.03	2.38 ± 0.02
25	0.29 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.02	0.90 ± 0.02	1.62 ± 0.02	2.62 ± 0.02	3.08 ± 0.02
30	0.32 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.03	0.98 ± 0.02	1.70 ± 0.03	2.66 ± 0.02	3.29 ± 0.02
f = 120 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.04 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.01
10	0.07 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.02	0.54 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.02
15	0.10 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.02	0.56 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.01	1.09 ± 0.03
20	0.14 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.02	0.60 ± 0.01	1.29 ± 0.02	1.66 ± 0.02
25	0.18 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.02	0.56 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.03	1.70 ± 0.02	2.04 ± 0.02
30	0.21 ± 0.03	0.38 ± 0.03	0.62 ± 0.02	1.07 ± 0.01	1.78 ± 0.03	2.26 ± 0.03
f = 180 kHz
0	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01
5	0.04 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.01
10	0.07 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.01
15	0.10 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.02	0.56 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.01
20	0.14 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.02	1.26 ± 0.01	1.67 ± 0.02
25	0.19 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.01	0.59 ± 0.02	1.02 ± 0.02	1.66 ± 0.01	2.05 ± 0.03
30	0.21 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.02	0.64 ± 0.01	1.10 ± 0.02	1.75 ± 0.02	2.31 ± 0.03

Bold type indicated thermal dose can be dead all of HCT-116 cells at hyperthermia treatment under magnetic field with strength of 10 kOe.

Table 4. The amount of intracellular iron for three concentration (d = 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml) as computed by the ferrozine-based colorimetric.

SPIOs: D = 8 nm
d (µg/ml)	20	40	80
Uptake, n = 3(pg Fe/cell)	8.1 ± 1.2	14.2 ± 1.8	20.1 ± 1.2
SPIOs: D = 15 nm
d (µg/ml)	20	40	80
Uptake, n = 3 (pg Fe/cell)	7.1 ± 1.7	13.8 ± 1.6	18.1 ± 2.0
SPIOs: D = 20 nm
d (µg/ml)	20	40	80
Uptake, n = 3 (pg Fe/cell)	6.2 ± 1.4	11.1 ± 1.7	16.1 ± 2.0

D: diameter; SPIOs: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Figure 5. Percentage viability of HCT-116 human cancer cell lines under magnetic field with maximum intensity equal to 10 kOe and f = 120 kHz. D: diameter.

Figure 6. Percentage viability of HCT-116 human cancer cell lines under magnetic field with maximum intensity equal to 10 kOe and f = 180 kHz. D: diameter.