Microwave ablation is effective against liver metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinicopathological characteristics and tumour parameters of the study group.

Characteristics	MWA group (n = 32)	Systemic chemotherapy group (n = 76)	p Value
Mean age (year) (range)	64.6 (45–83)	64.4 (27–85)	.141
Gender (male/female)	28/4	61/15	.367
KPS score			.007
70/80/90	1/10/21	18/30/28
TNM stage			.351
I/II	10	31
III/IV	22	45
Histologic grade			.391
Well differentiated	1	5
Moderately differentiated	11	34
Poorly differentiated	20	37
Type of surgery			.878
Total gastrectomy	5	11
Subtotal gastrectomy	27	65
Median CEA (μg/mL) (range)	3.59 (0.33–490)	4.21 (0.30–538)	.437
Time of liver metastases			.104
Synchronous/metachronous	13/19	19/57
Mean dominant size (cm) (range)	3.8 (1.6-4.8)	4.7 (1.2-6.7)	.285
Number of liver metastases			.238
Single/multiple	22/10	43/33
Distribution			.399
Unilobar/bilobar	18/14	36/40
Extrahepatic metastases			.711
Yes/no	13/19	28/48

KPS: Karnofsky performance scale; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen.

Figure 1. Overall survival curves of patients who had microwave ablation (n = 32) and systemic chemotherapy (n = 76) for liver metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma.

Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for overall survival in gastric cancer patients after microwave ablation for liver metastases.

		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variable	Category	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p Value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p Value
Dominant size of liver metastases	≤3 cm vs. >3 cm	2.437 (1.361–4.683)	.025	1.659 (0.834–3.969)	.180
Number of liver metastases	Solitary vs. multiple	2.461 (1.365–4.276)	.003	2.174 (1.175–4.182)	.019
Treatment	MWA vs. systemic chemotherapy	1.751 (1.077–2.845)	.015	1.453 (1.021–2.493)	.038
Extrahepatic metastases	Yes vs. no	7.531 (4.754–30.768)	.001	4.962 (3.364–18.056)	.001

CI: confidence interval.

Table 3. Literature review regarding ablative therapy for liver metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma.

Author	Year	No. of patients	Therapy	Median survival (m)
Oki et al. [28]	2016	14	RFA/MWA	Not shown
Guner et al. [29]	2016	30	RFA	23
Lee et al. [30]	2015	19	RFA	20.3
Hwang et al. [2]	2014	40	RFA	20.9
Chen et al. [13]	2013	21	RFA	14
Kim et al. [12]	2010	20	RFA	30.7
Kim et al. [31]	2009	7	RFA	10
An et al. [32]	2008	4	RFA	Not shown
Yamakado et al. [33]	2005	7	HAI + RFA	16.5

RFA: radiofrequency ablation; MWA: microwave ablation; HAI: hepatic arterial infusion.

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