Thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with abnormal coagulation function

Figures & data

Figure 1. CEUS-guided ablation at needle tract. (A) CEUS showed continuous linear microbubble extravasated along the needle tract (white arrow). (B) Electrode was inserted into outer parts of needle tract which was near the capsule under the guidance of CEUS (white arrow). (C) CEUS showed no microbubble extravasation along the needle tract after thermal ablation. The high echo showed by white arrow was caused by the carbonisation of electrode, not needle tract bleeding.

Table 1. The demographic and tumour information of patients included in this study.

	Total number	Haemorrhage
Gender (M/F)	38/12	1/2
Age	52.1 ± 11.3(27 ∼ 76)	56.3 ± 4.7(51 ∼ 60)
Cirrhosis (Yes/No)	50/0	3/0
Liver function (A/B)	34/16	3/0
Initial/Recurrence	36/14	2/1
Platelet count <50 × 10^9/L (Yes/No)	48/2	3/0
Platelet count (10^9/L)	42.4 ± 23.1(16 ∼ 149)	39.0 ± 9.5(28 ∼ 45)
INR ≥1.7 (Yes/No)	2/48	0/3
INR	1.35 ± 0.21(0.98 ∼ 2.14)	1.28 ± 0.12(1.14 ∼ 1.36)
Lesion number (Single/Multiple)	43/7	1/2
Lesion diameter	20.7 ± 7.2(10 ∼ 42)	16.7 ± 3.5(13 ∼ 17)
Tumour diameter (<3cm/3 ∼ 5cm)	52/5	3/0
Distance between lesions and liver capsule (≤1cm/>1cm)	39/18	1/2
Preoperative TACE (Yes/No)	5/45	0/3
Preoperative Endoscopic therapy (Yes/No)	2/48	0/3
Ablation (RF/microwave)	23/27	2/1
Laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery (Yes/No)	14/36	½
Intraoperative biopsy (Yes/No)	8/42	2/1
Artificial pleural or peritoneal effusion (Yes/No)	18/32	1/2

Figure 2. Survival curves. (A) The OS rates were 84.8%, 82.7% and 82.7% at the 1-, 2-, and 3-year time points, respectively. (B) The RFS rates were 67.9%, 64.0% and 64.0% at the 1-, 2-, and 3-year time points, respectively.