Microwave ablation followed by immediate biopsy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Figures & data

Figure 1. Patients enrolled in the study.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 68 enrolled patients.

	Number	Percent（%）
Gender
Male	39	57.4
Female	29	42.6
Age	67 (38–87)
≥65	42	61.8
＜65	26	38.2
Smoking history
Non smokers	34	50
Smokers	34	50
ECOG
0	59	13.2
1	9	86.8
Pathology
Adenocarcinoma	55	80.9
Nonadenocarcinoma^a	13	19.1
Stage
I–IIIA	35	51.5
IIIB–IV	33	48.5

^aIncluding 10 squamous cell lung cancer, 2 carcinoid and 1 large cell lung cancer.

Table 2. Baseline characteristics of four groups.

		Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D	p
		N = 19	N = 28	N = 11	N = 10
Gender						.213
	Male	10 (52.6)	14 (50.0)	8 (72.7)	7 (70.0)
	Female	9 (47.4)	14 (50.0)	3 (27.3)	3 (30.0)
Age						.694
	≥65	8 (42.1)	11 (39.3)	3 (27.3)	4 (40.0)
	＜65	11 (57.9)	17 (60.7)	8 (72.7)	6 (60.0)
Smoking history						.335
	Non-smokers	12 (63.2)	13 (46.4)	4 (36.4)	5 (50.0)
	Smokers	7 (36.8)	15 (53.6)	7 (63.6)	5 (50.0)
ECOG						.718
	0	0 (0.0)	4 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	1	19 (100.0)	24 (85.7)	11 (100.0)	10 (100.0)
Pathology						.407
	Adenocarcinoma	16 (84.2)	23 (82.1)	9 (81.8)	7 (70.0)
	Nonadenocarcinoma	3 (15.8)	5 (17.9)	2 (18.2)	3 (30.0)
Stage						.129
	I–IIIA	11 (57.9)	12 (42.9)	4 (36.4)	8 (80.0)
	IIIB–IV	8 (42.1)	16 (57.1)	7 (63.6)	2 (20.0)
Primary tumor size						.922
	≥3.0 cm	9 (47.4)	14 (50.0)	6 (54.5)	4 (40.0)
	＜3.0 cm	10 (52.6)	14 (50.0)	5 (45.5)	6 (60.0)
Primary tumor size						.755
	≥3.5 cm	7 (36.8)	10 (35.7)	4 (36.4)	3 (30.0)
	＜3.5 cm	12 (63.2)	18 (64.3)	7 (63.6)	7 (70.0)
Primary tumor site						.679
	Right lung	11 (57.9)	16 (57.1)	6 (54.5)	5 (50.0)
	Left lung	8 (42.1)	12 (42.9)	5 (45.5)	5 (50.0)
Primary tumor site						.398
	Upper and middle lobe	14 (73.7)	16 (57.1)	6 (54.5)	6 (60.0)
	Lower lobe	5 (26.3)	12 (42.9)	5 (45.5)	4 (40.0)
Power of MWA						NA
	60W	19 (100.0)	28 (100.0)	11 (100.0)	10 (100.0)
Time of MWA						NA
	Mean	12.1	11.3	12.5	10.5
	Range	5.0–26.0	4.0–30.0	4.0–52.0	5.0–27.5
Response of MWA						.781
	Complete ablation	15 (78.9)	20 (71.4)	7 (63.6)	9 (90.0)
	Incomplete ablation	4 (21.1)	8 (28.6)	4 (36.4)	1 (10.0)
Complications						.606
	No	2 (10.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (18.2)	1 (10.0)
	Yes	17 (89.5)	28 (100.0)	9 (81.8)	9 (90.0)
Complications						NA
	Major	2 (10.5)	8(28.6)	3 (27.3)	4 (40.0)
	Minor	4 (21.1)	13 (46.4)	6 (54.5)	1 (10.0)
	Adverse events	14 (73.7)	22 (78.6)	6 (54.5)	8 (80.0)
	No	2 (10.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (18.2)	1 (10.0)
TTLP status						NA
	Yes^a	3 (15.8)	3 (10.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
PFS status						NA
	Yes^a	9 (47.4)	12 (42.9)	5 (45.5)	2 (20.0)
OS status						NA
	Yes^a	5 (26.3)	6 (21.4)	2 (18.2)	1 (10.0)
Post-MWA treatments						NA
	No	11 (57.9)	14 (50.0)	3 (27.3)	6 (60.0)
	Yes	8 (42.1)	14 (50.0)	8 (72.7)	4 (40.0)
Post-MWA treatments						NA
	Chemotherapy	6 (31.6)	12 (42.9)	8 (72.7)	4 (40.0)
	EGFR-TKIs	2 (10.5)	2 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

NA: not application.

^aPatients developed local progression, progression or death.

Figure 2. Pathology changes in the four groups. Group A: A1 (adenocarcinoma before MWA), A2 (MWA followed by immediate biopsy), A3 (adenocarcinoma after MWA); Group B: B1 (adenocarcinoma before MWA), B2 (MWA followed by immediate biopsy), B3 (adenocarcinoma after MWA, with burning degeneration). Group C: C1 (squamous cell carcinoma before MWA), C2 (MWA followed by immediate biopsy), C3 (definite cancer cells, no definite histology type); Group D: D1 (squamous cell carcinoma before MWA), D2 (MWA followed by immediate biopsy), D3 (no definite cancer cell).

Table 3. Survival between the groups.

		Groups			p	Groups		p
		Group	Group	Group		Group	Group
		A + B	C	D		A + B + C	D
PFS					.519			.253
	Mean	10.8	11.0	26.6		11.7	26.6
	95% CI	8.8–12.7	6.3–15.8	19.0–34.2		9.6–13.7	19.0–34.2
OS					.632			.395
	Mean	14.0	16.4	29.8		15.9	29.8
	95% CI	12.4–15.6	12.7–20.1	24.3–35.3		14.2–17.5	24.3–35.3

Figure 3. The Kaplan–Mirer curve of survival among groups. A: Group A + B versus Group C versus Group D: A1: PFS; A2: OS. B: Group A + B + C versus Group D: B1: PFS; B2: OS.