Programmed death-ligand 1 expression and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with microwave ablation and chemotherapy

Figures & data

Figure 1. PD-L1 and CD8+ TIL expression (40×) (A, PD-L1-positive expression; B, PD-L1-negative expression; C, CD8+ TIL and D, CD8– TIL).

Figure 2. The patients enrolled in the study.

Table 1. The baseline characteristics of enrolled patients

	Overall		PD-L1 positive		PD-L1 Negative		CD8+ TIL		CD8– TIL
	Number, N = 51	Percent(%)	Number, N = 31	Percent(%)	Number, N = 20	Percent(%)	Number, N = 9	Percent (%)	Number, N = 42	Percent (%)
Gender
Male	36	70.6	25	80.6	11	55.0	7	77.8	29	69.0
Female	15	29.4	6	19.4	9	45.0	2	22.2	13	31.0
Age
Mean	60 (36–83)		60 (36–83)		60 (38–75)		64 (42–83)		60 (36–81)
<65	31	60.8	19	61.3	12	60.0	4	44.4	16	38.1
≥65	20	39.2	12	38.7	8	40.0	5	55.6	26	61.9
Smoking history
Non-smokers	18	35.3	9	35.3	9	45.0	3	33.3	15	35.7
Smokers	33	64.7	22	64.7	1	55.0	6	66.7	27	64.3
ECOG
0	1	2.0	1	3.2	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.4
1	50	98.0	30	96.8	20	100.0	9	100.0	41	97.6
Pathology
Adenocarcinoma	39	76.5	22	71.0	17	85.0	6	66.7	33	78.6
Non-adenocarcinoma	14	23.5	9	29.0	3	15.0	3	33.3	9	21.4
Stage
IIIB	7	13.7	5	16.1	2	10.0	3	33.3	4	9.5
IV	44	86.3	26	83.9	18	90.0	6	66.7	38	90.5
Primary tumour size
<3.0 cm	18	43.1	8	25.8	10	50.0	2	22.2	16	38.1
≥3.0 cm	33	56.9	23	74.2	10	50.0	7	77.8	26	61.9
Primary tumour size
<3.5 cm	22	43.1	10	32.3	12	60.0	2	22.2	20	47.6
≥3.5 cm	29	56.9	21	67.7	8	40.0	7	77.8	22	52.4
Primary tumour site
Right lung	30	58.8	18	58.1	12	60.0	6	66.7	24	57.1
Left lung	21	41.2	13	49.1	8	40.0	3	33.3	18	42.9
Primary tumour site
Upper and middle lobe	32	62.7	18	58.1	14	70.0	5	55.6	27	64.3
Lower lobe	19	37.3	13	41.9	6	30.0	4	44.4	15	35.7
Power of MWA
60 W	35	68.6	21	67.7	14	70.0	4	44.4	31	73.8
70 W	16	31.4	10	32.3	6	30.0	5	55.6	11	26.2
Time of MWA
Mean (m)	12.6		14.0		10.4		14.4		12.0
Range (m)	4–30		5–30		4–29		5–24		4–30
Response of MWA
Complete ablation	34	66.7	1	3.2	1	5.0	1	11.1	1	2.4
Incomplete ablation	17	33.3	30	96.8	19	95.0	8	88.9	41	97.6
Chemotherapy
Pemetrexed	31	60.8	19	61.3	12	60.0	5	55.6	26	61.9
Docetaxel	14	27.5	9	29.0	5	25.0	3	33.3	11	26.2
Paclitaxel	3	5.9	2	6.5	1	5.0	1	11.1	2	4.8
Gemcitabine	3	5.9	1	3.2	2	10.0	0	0.0	3	7.1
Response of chemotherapy
CR	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
PR	16	32.7	9	29.0	7	35.0	3	33.3	13	31.0
SD	24	48.9	19	61.3	5	25.0	6	66.7	18	42.8
PD	11	21.6	3	9.7	8	40.0	0	0.0	11	26.2
Post-first-line treatment
Yes	28	54.9	15	48.4	13	65.0	4	44.4	24	57.1

Table 2. Correlation between PD-L1 expression, CD8+ TIL expression and clinicopathological characteristics.

	PD-L1		p	TIL		p
	Positive	Negative		CD8+	CD8−
Gender			.050			.533
Male	25	11		7	29
Female	6	9		2	13
Age			.927			.153
<65	19	12		4	16
≥65	12	8		5	26
Smoking history			.244			.664
Non-smokers	9	9		3	15
Smokers	22	1		6	27
ECOG			.315			1.000
0	1	0		0	1
1	30	20		9	41
Pathology			.249			.406
Adenocarcinoma	22	17		6	33
Non-adenocarcinoma	9	3		3	9
Stage			.690			.778
IIIB	5	2		3	4
IV	26	18		6	38
Primary tumour size			.078			.603
<3.0 cm	8	10		2	16
≥3.0 cm	23	10		7	26
Primary tumour size			.051			.305
<3.5 cm	10	12		2	20
≥3.5 cm	21	8		7	22
Primary tumour site			.620			.982
Right lung	18	12		6	24
Left lung	13	8		3	18
Primary tumour site			.279			1.000
Upper and middle lobe	18	14		5	27
Lower lobe	13	6		4	15
Response of MWA			.753			1.000
Complete ablation	1	1		1	1
Incomplete ablation	30	19		41	41
Chemotherapy			.995			.878
Pemetrexed	19	12		5	26
Docetaxel	9	5		3	11
Paclitaxel	2	1		1	2
Gemcitabine	1	2		0	3
Response of chemotherapy			.478			.605
CR	0	0		0	0
PR	9	7		3	13
SD	19	5		6	18
PD	3	8		0	11
Post-first-line treatment			.244			.495
Yes	15	13		4	24

Figure 3. Kaplan–Meier plots of PFS and OS. (A) PFS and PD-L1 expression; (B) OS and PD-L1 expression; (C) PFS and CD8+ TIL and (D) OS and CD8+ TIL.

Table 3. Correlation between PD-L1 expression, CD8+ TIL expression and survival.

	PFS		p	OS		p
	Median (ms)	95%CI		Median (ms)	95%CI
PD-L1 expression			.660			.901
Positive	7.9	6.3–9.4		18.7	13.9–23.4
Negative	5.8	4.1–7.5		15.2	9.8–20.6
TIL			.435			.490
CD8+	8.0	5.2–10.8		20.5	17.7–23.3
CD8–	6.2	4.3–8.2		32.5	10.8–23.0

Figure 4. Kaplan–Meier plots of PFS and OS. (A) PFS and PD-L1 expression and CD8+ TIL and (B) PFS and PD-L1 expression and CD8+ TIL.