Multidisciplinary management and outcome in pancreatic cancer patients treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study consort diagram: assessment for eligibility, intervention, final analysis.

Table 1. Patient demographics and anesthesia-related data.

Characteristics	Value
Patients, n	71
Age, mean ± SD (range)	62.8 ± 9.9 (38–83)
Sex (female:male), n	30:41
BMI ± SD (range)	21.9 ± 3.2 (14.8–32.4)
ASA classification, n
I	2
II	28
III	29
IV	4
Tumor volume, mean ± SD (range), ml	27.3 ± 21.4 (4.5–153.3)
Non-perfused volume (NPV) after HIFU, mean ± SD (range), ml	18.7 ± 18.6 (2.4–137.0)

SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification.

Table 2. Intervention- and anesthesia-related data.

Variable	Value
Treatment time ± SD (range), min	124 ± 45 (56–324)
Sonication time ± SD (range), s	936 ± 366 (314–2452)
Total energy ± SD (range), J	343,730 ± 151, 813 (93,600–851,200)
Ventilation time, min	202 ± 51 (90–365)
Mean Tmax ± SD (range), °C	36.0 ± 0.6 (35.3–38.2)
Mean Tmin ± SD (range), °C	35.2 ± 0.8 (33.4–37.2)
Total morphine equivalents ± SD (range), mg	34.7 ± 25.7 (0–158.6)
Morphine equivalents/BW ± SD (range), mg/kg	0.5 ± 0.4 (0–2.3)
Pain score/NRS pre-HIFU ± SD (range)	4.49 ± 2.53 (0–10)
Pain score/NRS 1 day post-HIFU ± SD (range)	2.65 ± 2.22 (0–9)
Pain score/NRS 6 weeks post-HIFU ± SD (range)	2.32 ± 1.91 (0–7)
Pain score/NRS 3 months post-HIFU ± SD (range)	2.31 ± 1.76 (0–6)

BW: body weight; NRS: numeric rating scale, 0–10; 0 ‘no pain at all’, 10 ‘most intense pain imaginable’; T_max/T_min: maximum/minimum body temperature.

Figure 2. Differences between maximum and minimum body temperatures of HIFU-treated patients.

Figure 3. Morphine equivalents per kg of body weight used during and shortly after HIFU procedure.

Figure 4. Changes in pain score (NRS, numeric rating scale, range 0–10; 0 ‘no pain at all’, 10 ‘most intense pain imaginable’) after HIFU treatment of pancreatic cancer patients (n = 71). Average pain relief of 41% at 6 weeks and 48% at 3 months follow-up compared to baseline was observed after HIFU treatment.

Figure 5. Total energy applied during HIFU ablation.

Figure 6. Effects of standardized factors on pain relief between baseline and 1 day post-HIFU.