A comparison of the pregnancy outcomes between ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation and laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroids: a comparative study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the 443 patients before USgHIFU or LM.

Characteristic	USgHIFU group (n = 219)	LM group (n = 224)	χ2 (Z)	p-Value
Age, years	31.6 (22–42)	32.4 (25–41)	0.085	0.932
BMI, kg/m^2	23.75 (18.1–27.8)	22.63 (18.0–27.3)	0.109	0.913
Primipara (n, %)	31 (14.2%)	29 (12.9%)	0.119	0.730
Adverse pregnancy history (n, %)
Miscarriage	36 (16.4%)	41 (18.3%)	0.242	0.623
Stillbirth	2 (0.9%)	3 (1.3%)	0.001	0.982
Failed assisted reproduction	9 (4.1%)	11 (4.9%)	0.163	0.686
Average number of fibroids (n, %)	4.3 (2–15)	3.9 (2–8)	0.329	0.742
Classification of fibroids (n, %)			0.089	0.766
Single	126 (57.53%)	132 (58.92%)
Multiple	93 (42.46%)	92 (41.07%)
Diameter of the main fibroids, cm	5.6 (3–10)	5.8 (3–10)	0.650	0.516
Location of the main fibroids (n, %)			1.411	0.703
Subserosal	27 (12.3%)	31 (13.8%)
Intramural	167 (76.3%)	169 (75.4%)
Submucosal	11 (5.0%)	7 (3.1%)
Intramural and submucosal	14 (6.4%)	17 (7.6%)

BMI: body mass index; USgHIFU: ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound; LM: laparoscopic myomectomy.

Table 2. Pregnancy outcomes of the 443 pregnancies after USgHIFU or LM.

Variable	USgHIFU group (n = 219)	LM group (n = 224)	χ2 (Z)	p-Value
Number of pregnancies	248	253	0.055	0.814
Number of fetuses			0.009	0.925
Singleton pregnancy	200	204
Twins pregnancy	24	23
Triplet pregnancy	0	1
Average time to pregnancy (months)	13.6 ± 9.5 (1–96)	18.9 ± 7.3 (1–96)	2.024	0.043
Conception approach (n, %)			0.565	0.452
Natural	198 (83.2%)	207 (87.7%)
Assisted (IVF-ET)	21 (8.8%)	17 (7.2%)
Outcomes of pregnancy (n, %)
Spontaneous abortion	12 (5.0%)	14 (5.9%)	0.119	0.730
Legally induced abortion	21 (8.8%)	27 (11.4%)	0.696	0.404
Ectopic pregnancy	2 (0.8%)	6 (2.5%)	1.078	0.299
Delivery	178 (74.8%)	173 (73.3%)	1.102	0.294
Pregnancies in progress	6 (2.5%)	4 (1.6%)	0.127	0.722

USgHIFU: ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound; LM: laparoscopic myomectomy; IVF-ET: in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer.

Table 3. Delivery outcomes of the 351 pregnancies after USgHIFU or LM (n, %).

Delivery outcome	USgHIFU group (n = 178)	LM group (n = 173)	χ2 (Z)	p-Value
Delivery approaches			7.774	0.021
Spontaneous vaginal delivery	91 (51.1%)	63 (36.4%)
Forceps delivery	13 (7.3%)	15 (8.6%)
Cesarean delivery	74 (41.6%)	95 (54.9%)
Gestational age (week)			1.901	0.168
Ended delivery ≥37 weeks	162 (91.0%)	164 (94.8%)
Premature delivery <37 weeks	16 (8.9%)	9 (5.2%)

USgHIFU: ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound; LM: laparoscopic myomectomy.

Table 4. Complications of the 351 pregnancies after USgHIFU or LM (n, %).

Complication	USgHIFU group (n = 178)	LM group (n = 173)	χ2 (Z)	p-Value
Pregnancy complication
Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy	13 (7.3%)	10 (5.8%)	0.332	0.564
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy	6 (3.4%)	4 (2.3%)	0.076	0.783
Gestational diabetes mellitus	15 (8.4%)	13 (7.5%)	0.100	0.752
Fetus
Fetal distress	5 (2.8%)	2 (1.2%)	0.526	0.468
Fetal growth restriction	4 (2.2%)	1 (0.6%)	0.755	0.385
Large infant	14 (7.9%)	10 (5.8%)	0.599	0.439
Placenta
Placental abruption	7 (3.9%)	8 (4.6%)	0.103	0.749
Placenta increta	2 (1.1%)	11 (6.4%)	6.741	0.009
Placenta previa	5 (2.8%)	15 (8.7%)	5.610	0.018
Abnormal amniotic fluid	6 (3.4%)	5 (3.0%)	0.067	0.796
Umbilical cord abnormality	3 (1.7%)	5 (3.0%)	0.159	0.690
Labor complications
Uterine rupture	1 (0.6%)	1 (0.6%)	0.000	1.000
Amniotic fluid embolism	0	0	0.000	1.000
Postpartum infection	6 (3.4%)	2 (1.2%)	1.066	0.302
Postpartum hemorrhage	8 (4.5%)	12 (6.9%)	0.974	0.324

USgHIFU: ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound; LM: laparoscopic myomectomy.