Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for secondary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow diagram of study selection process.

Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis.

Author/ year of publication	Country	Gender (Female %)	Mean age (Y)	Number of patients	MWA power (w)	Number of lesion	Conducted period	Follow-up	Study design
Luo/2015 [18]	China	56.3%	50.5 ± 10.7	16	NA	57	NA	6M	Retrospective
Diao/2016 [19]	China	63.3%	57.06 ± 9.14	30	25–35	NA	2009–2014	23M	Retrospective
Gao/2016 [20]	China	50%	56.6 ± 14.1	10	NA	32	2016	3M	Retrospective
Yu/2016 [21]	China	72.7%	51.3 ± 11	11	25	16	2014–2015	6.8M	Retrospective
Zhao/2016 [22]	China	53.6%	55.02 ± 10.01	56	30	138	2012–2013	6M	Prospective
Diao/2017 [23]	China	61.5%	55.1 ± 9.6	26	32.9 ± 5.13	60	2013–2014	16M	Prospective
Ding/2017 [24]	China	64.5	53 ± 6.75	40	25–35	NA	2014–2015	6M	Retrospective
Liao/2017 [25]	China	22.2%	38.67 ± 8.32	18	NA	56	2015–2016	12M	Prospective
Liu/2017 [26]	China	41.2	43.05 ± 7.71	34	25–35	NA	2014–2016	6M	Prospective
Zhuo/2017 [14]	China	51%	53.1 ± 12.9	51	25	96	2014–2015	11.1M	Prospective
Jiang/2019 [27]	China	45.4%	53.2 ± 14.2	33	25–35	115	2015–2017	24M	Retrospective
Li-a/2019 [28]	China	33.3%	49.7 ± 9.6	9	30	14	2016–2017	17.2M	Retrospective
Li-b/2019 [41]	China	40%	53.2 ± 10.3	20	30	22	2014–2016	15.3M	Retrospective
Zhuo/2019 [29]	China	45.7%	49.8 ± 12.9	35	25	63	2015-2017	15.9M	Prospective
Cao/2020 [30]	China	49%	50.8 ± 11.2	51	NA	83	2015–2018	6M	Retrospective
Fang/2020 [33]	China	35.7%	53.5 ± 12.44	14	30	42	2016–2018	6M	Retrospective
Kong/2020 [34]	China	46.7%	52.3 ± 8.74	60	NA	164	2017–2018	6M	Prospective
Ma/2020 [31]	China	56.3%	55.38 ± 15.17	16	25–45	52	2014–2016	6M	Retrospective
Pan/2020 [35]	China	35.7%	52.46 ± 8.19	28	30–50	NA	2017–2019	6M	Retrospective
Song/2020 [36]	China	58.6%	69.1 ± 9.4	29	35	NA	2017–2019	6M	Retrospective
Xiao/2020 [32]	China	48.8%	49.5 ± 14.9	41	30	NA	2014–2019	6M	Retrospective
Wei/2020 [37]	China	48.5	50.35 ± 13.12	171	30	NA	2018–2019	6M	Retrospective
Yu/2020 [42]	China	40%	48.9 ± 9.1	20	30	34	2016–1018	3M	Retrospective
Diao/2021 [38]	China	51.1	53.3 ± 10.8	47	25–35	94	2010–2019	60M	Retrospective
Li/2021 [39]	China	61.5	54.23 ± 10.96	13	25–35	26	2015	58M	Retrospective
Wang/2021 [40]	China	37.7	50.1 ± 10.3	53	25–35	NA	2016–2020	41M	Retrospective

Abbreviations: MWA: microwave ablation; Y: years; M: months; NA: not available.

Table 2. Quality assessment of included studies by NOS.

Author	Year	Selection	Comparability	Outcome
Luo [18]	2015	★★★	★★	★★
Diao [19]	2016	★★★	★★	★★★
Gao [20]	2016	★★★	★★	★★
Yu [21]	2016	★★★	★★	★★★
Zhao [22]	2016	★★★	★★	★★
Diao [23]	2017	★★★	★★	★★★
Ding [24]	2017	★★★	★★	★★
Liao [25]	2017	★★★	★★	★★★
Liu [26]	2017	★★★	★★	★★
Zhuo [14]	2017	★★★	★★	★★★
Jiang [27]	2019	★★★	★★	★★★
Li-a [28]	2019	★★★	★★	★★★
Li-b [41]	2019	★★★	★★	★★★
Zhuo [29]	2019	★★★	★★	★★★
Cao [30]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Fang [33]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Kong [34]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Ma [31]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Pan [35]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Song [36]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Xiao [32]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Yu [42]	2020	★★★	★★	★★
Wei [37]	2020	★★★	★★	★★★
Diao [38]	2021	★★★	★★	★★★
Li [39]	2021	★★★	★★	★★★
Wang [40]	2021	★★★	★★	★★★

Figure 2. Forest plots showing PTH levels in SHPT patients before and after MWA. A) Week 1; B) 1 month; C) at 6 months; and D) end of follow-up period.

Figure 3. Forest plots showing calcium levels in SHPT patients before and after MWA. A) Week 1; B) 1 month; C) 6 months; and D) end of follow-up period.

Figure 4. Forest plots showing phosphorus levels in SHPT patients before and after MWA. A) Week 1; B) 1 month; C) 6 months; and D) end of follow-up period.

Figure 5. Forest plots showing ALP levels in SHPT patients before and after MWA. A) one day; B) end of follow-up period.

Figure 6. Forest plots showing complications in SHPT patients after MWA. A) Hypocalcemia; B) hoarseness; C) nerve injury; D) hematoma; E) subcutaneous edema; and F) swallowing water.

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