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Research Article

Hyperthermic intrathoracic/intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus conventional intrapleural/intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the malignant effusion: a multi-center randomized clinical trial

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Article: 2241689 | Received 10 Apr 2023, Accepted 24 Jul 2023, Published online: 13 Aug 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. An example image of established inlet and outlet ports on a patient’s back. After local anesthesia, two drainage tubes were inserted into the thoracic cavity through puncture technique under the guidance of ultrasound, which were designated as Inlet and Outlet ports for the hyperthermic perfusion and circulation.

Figure 1. An example image of established inlet and outlet ports on a patient’s back. After local anesthesia, two drainage tubes were inserted into the thoracic cavity through puncture technique under the guidance of ultrasound, which were designated as Inlet and Outlet ports for the hyperthermic perfusion and circulation.

Figure 2. An example of bedside application of the perfusion device in a patient with malignant ascites. A perfusion device was connected to the patient, and hyperthermic perfusion and chemotherapy with cisplatin was performed for one hour.

Figure 2. An example of bedside application of the perfusion device in a patient with malignant ascites. A perfusion device was connected to the patient, and hyperthermic perfusion and chemotherapy with cisplatin was performed for one hour.

Figure 3. An example image of lavage fluid changing from bloody effusion fluid into clear saline through the process of effusion replacement. Prior to the initialization of hyperthermic perfusion and circulation with chemotherapeutic drug, lavage was performed using the HIPEC machine and normal saline following the manufacturer’s instruction. Note the color changes of the lavage fluid from bloody to clear water.

Figure 3. An example image of lavage fluid changing from bloody effusion fluid into clear saline through the process of effusion replacement. Prior to the initialization of hyperthermic perfusion and circulation with chemotherapeutic drug, lavage was performed using the HIPEC machine and normal saline following the manufacturer’s instruction. Note the color changes of the lavage fluid from bloody to clear water.

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the Participants.

Figure 4. Diagram of enrollment and withdraw. SAE: severe adverse event.

Figure 4. Diagram of enrollment and withdraw. SAE: severe adverse event.

Table 2. Comparison of objective response rate between the two groups (n, %).

Table 3. Comparison of objective response rate among various types of primary tumors (n, %).

Table 4. Comparison of quality-of-life scores between the two groups (x¯±s).

Table 5. Comparison of adverse events between the two groups (n, %).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available.