Poverty as a System: Human Contestability Approach to Poverty Measurement

Abstract

Since Sen's (1976) paper on poverty measurement, a substantial literature, both theoretical and empirical, has emerged. There have been several recent efforts to drive poverty measures based on different approaches and axioms. These poverty indices are based on head count ratio, poverty gaps and distribution of income. These are very narrow in approach and suffer from several drawbacks. However, the purpose of the present paper is to introduce a new poverty measure based on a holistic and system modelling approach. Based on Chopra's human contestability (Chopra, 2003, 2007) approach to poverty, this new approach to measuring poverty has been developed using a structure equation model based on Kanji's business excellence model (Kanji, 2002) to create the proposed poverty model. We construct a latent variable structural equation model to measure the contestability excellence within certain boundaries of the societal system. It will provide us with a measurement of poverty in a society or community in terms of human contestability. A higher human contestability index will indicate the lower poverty within the society. Strengths and weakness as of various components will also indicate that a characteristic of the individual requires extra society or government support to remove poverty. However, there remains considerable disagreement on the best way to achieve this.

Keywords:

• Human contestability
• system approach
• poverty model
• poverty dimensions
• Kanji–Chopra poverty model
• poverty measurement

Notes

¹For differences in the concepts of capability and contestability, see Chopra (2003, 2007).

²The concept of ‘Human contestability’ to poverty analysis has been developed and applied by Parvesh K. Chopra (2003) to identify the characteristics of the poor in contrast to the non-poor.