MulticlusterKDE: a new algorithm for clustering based on multivariate kernel density estimation

Abstract

In this paper, we propose the MulticlusterKDE algorithm applied to classify elements of a database into categories based on their similarity. MulticlusterKDE is centered on the multiple optimization of the kernel density estimator function with multivariate Gaussian kernel. One of the main features of the proposed algorithm is that the number of clusters is an optional input parameter. Furthermore, it is very simple, easy to implement, well defined and stops at a finite number of steps and it always converges regardless of the data set. We illustrate our findings by implementing the algorithm in R software. The results indicate that the MulticlusterKDE algorithm is competitive when compared to K-means, K-medoids, CLARA, DBSCAN and PdfCluster algorithms. Features such as simplicity and efficiency make the proposed algorithm an attractive and promising research field that can be used as basis for its improvement and also for the development of new density-based clustering algorithms.

Keywords:

• Kernel density estimation
• Gaussian kernel
• clustering data
• optimization method
•  multiclusterKDE

Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by CAPES, CNPq, and Fundação Araucária, Brazil.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was partially supported by 10.13039/501100002322(CAPES), 10.13039/501100003593(CNPq), and 10.13039/501100004612, Brazil.