Governing racial justice through standards and the birth of ‘White diversity’: a Foucauldian perspective

Figures & data

Table 1. Breakdown of the interviews

Datasets	Time Period
	2008	2011	2014	GL
(1) Companies^1 (executives, HR, and diversity practitioners)	20	2	3	25
(2) Political leaders and public officials	18		2	20
(3) Diversity ‘brokers’ and intermediaries	20		5	25
(4) Diversity ‘applicants’		10	6	18
TOTAL	58	12	16	86

1.These included: Auchan, Boulanger, Décathlon, Gaz de France, Jules, Okaïdi, Redcats (PPR), La Redoute, Finaref, CIC-BSD, BNP-Paribas, Schneider, Coca-Cola France, Michelin, Renault, Manpower, ADIA, L’Oréal, two SMEs.

Table 2. Summary table of organisations surveyed (chronological list)

Organisation	Creation	Major Achievements	Role in the field
(1) IMS | Institut pour le Mécénat Social	1986 by C. Bébéar	- Association and corporate network - More than 250 member companies - Committed to ‘social patronage’ - In charge of the Steering Committee of the Charter - Expert at the Normalisation Commission (AFNOR)	Leading
(2) Alliances	1993 by B. Liber	- Regional employer led business network - More than 120 member companies - MEDEF’s ‘showcase for social responsibility’ - Committed to ‘corporate citizenship’ - Regional promoter and sponsor of the charter	Important
(3) FACE Fondation Agir contre Exclusion	1993 by M.Aubry	- Foundation, recognised public utility - Backed by 15 founding corporations - Network of business-oriented ‘regional clubs’ - Promoting locally repertoires of diversity management and servicing corporate plans trough: - Awareness campaigns, training, promotional events (plays, sports matches), and the monitoring of ‘diverse applicants’	Important
(4) Institut Montaigne	2000 by C. Bébéar	- A liberal think-tank - Launched several major reports: Blivet (2004), Sabeg and Méhaignerie (2004), Bébéar (2004) - From which stems the Charter initiative	Leading
(5) ANDRH	1947 2007	- The French national association of HRDs - Co-leading the Label – at the request of public authorities (2007) - Chair of the Normalisation Commission at AFNOR	Leading
(6) AFMD	2007	- A non-profit organisation - A ‘trade association’ - Leading the task force set by the government to ‘revitalise’ the Diversity Label (2013)	Important
(7) Mozaïk RH	2007 S. Hammouche	- Consultancy and recruitment agency - Based on ‘social entrepreneurship’ - Committed to diversity hiring	Important
(8) L’Autre Cercle	1998 2013	- Network of local associations, composed of HR professionals - Committed to fight employment discriminations against LGBT communities - Founder and promoter of the LGBT Charter sponsored by Accenture (2013)	Complementary
(9) CDJE	1938 2004	- First French Employer Movement - Charter partner (2004)	Complementary
(10) E & P	1964 2004	- For-profit organisation and national network of major companies focused on HR challenges and ‘solutions’ - Charter partner (2004)	Complementary

Table 3. List of acronyms and abbreviations

AFEP	French Association of Private Corporations (Association Française des Entreprises privées)
AFNOR	French Standards Organisation (Association Française de Normalisation)
AFMD	French Association of Diversity Managers (Association Française des Managers de la Diversité)
ANDRH	French Association of HR Managers (Association Nationale des Directeurs de Ressources Humaines)
CJDE	Young Business Leaders Club (Club des Jeunes Dirigeants d’Entreprise)
CPME	Employer Federation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Confédération des Petites et Moyennes entreprises)
MEDEF	Movement of The Entreprises of France (Mouvement des Entreprises de France): largest employer federation
FACE	Foundation Acting Against Exclusion (Fondation Agir Contre l’Exclusion)
E&P	Company & Staff (Entreprise & Personnel)
IMS	Institute for Social Patronage (Institut du Mécénat Social)
HR	Human Resources
HRD	Human Resources Director

Blivet, L. (2004). L’Entreprise et l’égalité positive. Institut Montaigne.

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Sabeg, Y., & Méhaignerie, L. (2004). Les oubliés de l’égalité des chances: Participation, pluralité, assimilation ou repli? Institut Montaigne.

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Bébéar, C. (2004). Des entreprises aux couleurs de la France - Minorités visibles: Relever le défi de l’accès à l’emploi et de l’intégration dans l’entreprise. La Documentation française.

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