Fragile and compromised housing: Implications of land conflicts on housing development in peri-urban Accra, Ghana

Figures & data

Figure 1. a. Map showing built-up area in Accra City Region (including GAMA) in 1985 and 2017.

Source: Asabere et al., (2020)

b. Map of GAMA showing case study locations.

Source: Author’s own construct (2020).

Table 1. Data on case study locations.

Category of respondents	Study location	No. of interviews	Mode of land acquisition & Mode of land sale*	Interview discussion
Housebuilders	Abokobi	6	Stool and family land	Discussion focused on: involvement in land conflicts, navigating land conflicts in the building process, and the impact of land conflict on the building process, the housing structure, and wellbeing
	Oyibi	6	Stool and family land
	Oshiyie	8	Stool land
	Achiaman	7	Stool and family land
Land sellers including the traditional leaders from each community	Abokobi	5	*Stool and family land	Discussion focused on: changes in the land market, the drivers of land commodification, and triggers of land conflicts in the respective communities
	Oyibi	4	*Stool and family land
	Oshiyie	4	*Stool land and family land
	Achiaman	5	*Stool and family land

Fieldwork data (2018). Most of the community’s land ownership is presented in bold words.

Table 2. Types of informal levies in peri-urban Accra.

Category of levy (per plot)	Oyibi ₵	$	Abokobi ₵	$	Achiaman ₵	$	Oshiyie ₵	$
Foundation/digging fee	1000-1500	207.57-311.36	500-1500	103.79-311.36	500-1000	103.79-207.57	500-1000	103.79-207.57
Walling fee	200-500	41.51-103.79	200-1000	41.51-207.57	200-800	41.51-166.10	200-500	41.51-103.79
Roofing fee	200-500	41.51-103.79	200-500	41.51-103.79	100-500	20.76-103.79	100-500	20.76-103.79
Painting fee	200-400	41.51-83.00	200-400	41.51-83.00	150-400	31.14-83.00	200-400	41.51-83.00

Fieldwork data (2018).

Figure 2. A fence wall pulled down by Landguards.

Source: Fieldwork photo, 2018 (By Divine Asafo)

Figure 3. A compromised building built to protect the land /announce one’s physical presence on the land.

Source: Fieldwork photo, 2018 (by Divine Asafo)

Asafo, D. M. (2020) Peri-Urban Development: Land Conflict and its Effect on Housing Development in Peri-Urban Accra (Ghana: University of Sheffield).

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