Contributions of family and neighbourhood factors to the mental health of migrant children in China: implications for policy and services

Figures & data

Figure 1 Hypothesised structural model of the effects of family and neighbourhood factors on child mental health.

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of sample characteristics (N = 806).

Characteristic	Frequency	%
Gender
Male	450	56.4
Female	348	43.6
Education (father)
Didn't receive formal education	8	1.0
Elementary school	150	19.3
Secondary school	384	49.3
High school	167	21.4
Professional high school	32	4.1
Diploma or higher	38	4.9
Education (mother)
Didn't receive formal education	50	6.3
Elementary school	274	34.6
Secondary school	320	40.4
High school	104	13.1
Professional high school	22	2.8
Diploma or higher	22	2.8
Employment status (father)
Full-time	622	82.5
Part-time	74	9.8
Unemployed/laid off	41	5.4
Retired	17	2.3
Employment status (mother)
Full-time	467	60.1
Part-time	72	9.3
Unemployed/laid off	45	5.8
Retired	10	1.3
Housewife	183	23.6
Monthly household income
0–500	18	3.2
501–1000	111	19.7
1001–1500	114	20.2
1501–2000	98	17.4
2001–3000	92	16.3
3001–4000	69	12.2
4001–8000	38	6.7
8000 above	24	4.3
	Mean	SD
Age (years)	14.46	1.22
Length of residence in the city (years)	6.30	4.21

Table 2 Standardised factor loadings of observed indicators on the latent constructs.

Construct	Indicator	Factor loading
Community social capital	Number of friends of parents in the neighbourhood	.301
	Frequency of visiting friends' home or hosting friends at home	.390
	Activities for children and youths in the neighbourhood	.470
	Number of friends of children themselves in the neighbourhood	.323
Family social support	Family members willing to help	.590
	Family members can provide emotional support	.638
	Talking with family members about your problems	.349
	Family members willing to make decisions together with you	.681
Family human capital	Father education	.703
	Mother education	.743
Family financial capital	Monthly household income	.730
	Number of rooms per person in the household	.426
	Monthly rent	.560
	Type of floor	.467

Figure 2 Standardised solutions for the effects of family and neighbourhood factors on child mental health. *p < .05, ***p < .001.

Table 3 Standardised direct, indirect and total effects of major predictor variables on children's mental health.

	Mental health
Major predictor variables	Direct	Indirect	Total
Community social capital	− .004	.155*	.151*
Family social support	.200*	—	.200*
Family human capital	.016	− .018	− .002
Family financial capital	− .049	− .050*	− .099*
Gender	− .079*	.011	− .068*
Age	− .072	.002	− .070
Length of residence	.014	− .032	− .018
Note: *p < .05.