Reciprocal influences between self-assessed emotional intelligence and self-esteem

Figures & data

Table 1 Univariate statistics.

Variable	Scoring	M	SD	Skew	Kurtosis
Age	Years	20.0	0.9	0.038	− 0.134
Year of study	1–3	1.9	0.7	0.143	− 0.961
Latest GPA	0–4	3.0	0.5	− 0.109	− 0.480
Self-emotion appraisal	0–100	54.4	25.5	− 0.105	− 0.863
Other-emotion appraisal	0–100	54.5	24.5	− 0.227	− 0.644
Emotion use	0–100	54.0	22.8	− 0.096	− 0.560
Emotion regulation	0–100	55.2	24.0	− 0.172	− 0.709
Self-esteem	0–100	52.8	18.0	− 0.220	− 0.886
Acquiescence	0–100	52.2	7.7	− 0.083	− 0.005

Table 2 Standardised factor loadings.

Variable	Trait	Method
Self-emotion appraisal
I have a good sense of why I have certain feelings most of the time	0.669	0.311
I have good understanding of my own emotions	0.715	0.274
I really understand what I feel	0.758	0.319
I always know whether or not I am happy	0.731	0.314
Other-emotion appraisal
I always know my friends' emotions from their behaviour	0.773	0.238
I am a good observer of others' emotions	0.729	0.264
I am sensitive to the feelings and emotions of others	0.727	0.144
I have good understanding of the emotions of people around me	0.569	0.105
Emotion use
I always set goals for myself and then try my best to achieve them	0.622	0.189
I always tell myself I am a competent person	0.718	0.232
I am a self-motivating person	0.637	0.285
I would always encourage myself to try my best	0.587	0.214
Emotion regulation
I am able to control my temper so that I can handle difficulties rationally	0.633	0.250
I am quite capable of controlling my own emotions	0.615	0.360
I can always calm down quickly when I am very angry	0.638	0.347
I have good control of my own emotions	0.669	0.301
Self-esteem
I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others	0.491	0.157
I feel that I have a number of good qualities	0.502	0.153
I am able to do things as well as most other people	0.602	0.185
I take a positive attitude of myself	0.540	0.171
On the whole, I am satisfied with myself	0.453	0.243
All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure	− 0.325	0.342
I feel I do not have much to be proud of	− 0.463	0.321
I wish I could have more respect for myself	− 0.537	0.259
I certainly feel useless at times	− 0.554	0.223
At times I think I am no good at all	− 0.559	0.192
Emotional intelligence
Self-emotion appraisal	0.837	–
Other-emotion appraisal	0.602	–
Emotion use	0.751	–
Emotion regulation	0.793	–
Aptitude
Self-esteem	0.478	–
Emotional intelligence	0.479	–
GPA	0.480

Figure 1 The model with a latent predisposition of aptitude and reciprocal effects between emotional intelligence and self-esteem. *Effect significant at the p < 0.05 level.

Table 3 Goodness-of-fit.

Model	Specification	χ^2	df	BIC	RMSEA	SRMR	CFI
1.	Correlational	601	420	105,769	0.033	0.041	0.950
2.	Predispositional and reciprocal effect	586	419	105,759	0.031	0.038	0.954

Notes: Model 1 specified correlations among self-assessed emotional intelligence, self-esteem and GPA. Model 2 specified the loadings of self-assessed emotional intelligence, self-esteem and GPA on aptitude and reciprocal effects between self-assessed emotional intelligence and self-esteem.

Table 4 Standardised effects of background characteristics.

Predictor	Emotional intelligence	Self-esteem	GPA
Age	0.003	0.235*	0.047
Female	− 0.041	0.003	− 0.012
Social science major	− 0.106	0.149	0.158
Business major	− 0.022	0.195**	0.135
Science major	− 0.006	0.086	0.089
Year of study	− 0.032	− 0.283***	− 0.022
R^2	0.647	0.514	0.238

Note: The law major is the reference category. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.