Disordered eating and media exposure among adolescent girls: the role of parental involvement and sense of empowerment

Figures & data

Table 1 Frequencies and percentages of media use (N = 248).

Variable	Category	Frequencies	Percentage^a
Watching television (hours/day)	Up to two	85	34.27
	Two to three	79	31.85
	Three to four	51	20.56
	Four to five	22	8.87
	Five or more	11	4.44
Using the Internet (hours/day)	Up to two	23	21.29
	Two to three	57	22.89
	Three to four	62	24.90
	Four to five	43	17.27
	Five or more	34	13.65
Frequency of reading magazines	Never	35	14.11
	Rarely	49	19.76
	Sometimes	52	20.97
	Often	66	26.61
	Always	46	18.55

a Each variable amounts to 100%.

Table 2 Sense of empowerment correlations with body image and DEP measures (N = 248).

	Body Shape Questionnaire	EDI-2				Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26)
	Body image	PER	BUL	BD	DT	BUL	Diet	Oral control	Total
Sense of empowerment	− 0.31^*^*^*	− 0.27^*^*^*	− 0.17^*^*^*	− 0.34^*^*^*	− 0.12^*	− 0.17^*^*^*	− 0.15^*^*	− 0.13^*	− 0.11

^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001.

Table 3 Correlations among media exposure and DEP measures.

Media measures	DEP measures
	EDI-2			EAT-26
	BUL	BD	DT	BUL	Diet	Oral control	Total
Television
Integrated variable of total content	0.20^*^*	0.16^*	0.16^*	0.15^*	0.23^*^*	0.27^*^*^*	0.26^*^*^*
Gossip Girl	0.22^*^*	0.07	0.20^*^*	0.17^*^*	0.16^*	0.22^*^*^*	0.17^*^*
Beverly Hills 90210	0.22^*^*	0.14^*	0.18^*^*	0.12^*	0.19^*^*	0.25^*^*^*	0.21^*^*
Internet
Fashion	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.10	0.16^*^*	0.14^*
Music	0.02	0.13^*	0.21^*^*^*	0.02	0.30^*^*^*	0.02	0.29^*^*^*
Social networks	0.13^*	0.16^*	0.18^*^*	0.15^*	0.19^*^*	− 0.04	0.14^*
Facebook	0.20^*^*	0.14^*	0.15^*	0.15^*	0.20^*^*	− 0.04	0.14^*
YouTube	0.15^*	0.15^*	0.01	0.17	0.15	0.01	0.14^*
Magazines
Gossip	0.00	0.12	0.16^*	0.08	0.18^*^*	0.02	0.15^*

^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001.

Table 4 Stepwise regression predicting DEP based on body image, media exposure and sense of empowerment (N = 248).

Predictors	β	R ^2 change	ES	R ^2
Body image	0.75^*^*^*	0.57	6.64	0.57
Media exposure	0.11^*^*^*	0.013	6.55	0.59
Sense of empowerment	0.10^*^*^*	0.009	6.49	0.59

^***p < 0.001.