Online communication, peer relationships and school victimisation: a one-year longitudinal study during middle adolescence

Figures & data

Table 1. Percentage distribution of school victimization and peer relationships variables in times 1 and 2.

	Time 1					Time 2
	Never	Rarely	Occasionally	Frequently		Never	Rarely	Occasionally	Frequently
School Exclusion	62.5	27.5	7.5	2.5		63	28.1	7.2	1.8
Bullying	34.7	43	17.5	4.9		42	39.6	15.6	2.8
Exerted Bullying	46.4	41.9	10.1	1.6		50.1	38.5	9.7	1.7
	Very difficult	Difficult	Neither easy nor difficult	Easy	Very Easy	Very difficult	Difficult	Neither easy nor difficult	Easy	Very Easy
Easiness to make friends	2.1	4.8	29.1	33.1	30.9	1.6	4.5	31.5	32.9	29.6
	Very difficult	Difficult	Sometimes	Always or almost always		Very difficult	Difficult	Sometimes	Always or almost always
Resistance to group pressure	3.7	5.5	42.6	48.2		2.1	4.6	37.5	55.8

Figure 1. Percentage distribution in the use of online/offline communication means.

Table 2. Stepwise regression analyses of gender, age and online/offline communication in Time 1 as predictors of school victimization and quality of peer relationships in Time 1.

	DV: School Exclusion				DV: Bullying				DV: Easiness to make friends				DV: Resistance to group pressure
	F	R^2	t	β	F	R^2	t	β	F	R^2	t	β	F	R^2	t	β
Step 1	2.52	.01			4.77**	.01**			.06	.01			2.91	.01
Gender			−1.54	−.05			−2.75	−.09**			.22	.01			2.11	.07*
Age			−1.72	−.06			−1.58	−.05			.27	.01			1.28	.04
Step 2	5.53***	.04***			6.31***	.04***			5.10***	.04***			2.76*	.02*
Gender			−.92	−.03			−1.97	−.07*			−1.18	−.04			1.57	.06
Age			−1.88	−.06			−1.42	−.05			.25	.01			1.27	.04
Phone call			−.35	−.01			.88	.03			2.34	.09*			.37	.01
Text messages			−1.48	−.06			−3.52	−.13***			2.38	.09*			.56	.02
Social networks			−4.26	−.15***			−2.54	−.09*			2.70	.10**			2.23	.08*
Meeting in person			−.16	−.01			−1.19	−.04			1.70	.06			2.03	.07*

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001

Table 3. Stepwise regression analyses of gender, age and online/offline communication in Time 1 as predictors of bullying and easiness to make friends in Time 2, controlling initial values.

	DV: Bullying T2				DV: Easiness to make friends T2
	F	R^2	t	β	F	R^2	t	β
Step 1	1.90	.01			.16	.01
Gender			.29	.01			.30	.01
Age			−1.91	−.07			.49	.02
Step 2	70.89***	.20***			149.82***	.35***
Gender			1.67	.05			.32	.01
Age			−1.39	−.04			.39	.01
DV T1			14.42	.45***			21.19	.60***
Step 3	32.67***	.22**			65.38***	.36
Gender			2.24	.07*			−.22	−.01
Age			−1.15	−.04			.16	.01
DV T1			13.68	.43***			20.53	.59***
Phone call			.32	.01			−.18	−.01
Text messages			−3.42	−.12**			2.06	.06*
Social networks			−.02	−.01			−.04	−.01
Meeting in person			−.94	−.03			1.58	.05

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001

Figure 2. Percentage distribution of ease of making friends in Time 2 (Not easy-T2, Easy-T2 or Very easy-T2), by text messages frequency in Time 1 (Never, Sometimes or Frequently) and ease of making friends in Time 1 (Not easy-T1, Easy-T1 or Very easy-T1).

Figure 3. Percentage distribution of suffered bullying in Time 2 (Never-T2 or Rarely to Frequently-T2), by text messages frequency in Time 1 (Never, Sometimes or Frequently) and suffered bullying in Time 1 (Never-T1 or Rarely to Frequently-T1).