Integration of immigrant youth in Sweden: does sport participation really have an impact?

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

	Developing country immigrants
	Active participants	Starters	Dropouts	Non-Participants
All	23.3%	16.8%	14.3%	45.6%
Males	34.3%	20.3%	15.1%	30.2%
Females	13.5%	13.7%	13.5%	59.3%
SES	48.96 (22.71	45.56 (22.28)	51.39 (22.94)	45.18 (21.14)
Stratum	3.20 (.86)	3.41 (.80)	3.21 (.88)	3.40 (.84)
	Developed country immigrants
All	33.1%	15%	16.3%	35.6%
Males	38.9%	14.5%	13.4%	33.3%
Females	27.9%	15.5%	18.9%	37.7%
SES	57.05 (20.37)	50.69 (21.35)	52.73 (21.05)	48.24 (21.08)
Stratum	2.54 (.94)	2.61 (1.01)	2.67 (1.02)	2.73 (.98)
	Natives
All	41.7%	11.6%	16.3%	30.5%
Males	43.8%	10.5%	13.3%	32.4%
Females	39.6%	12.6%	19.3%	28.5%
SES	60.68 (18.49)	57.48 (19.63)	59.33 (17.62)	51.24 (20.50)
Stratum	2.07 (.82)	2.22 (.90)	2.06 (.79)	2.12 (.86)

Notes: Participation patterns are presented in percentages. SES and stratum are presented with means and standard deviation within brackets.

Table 2. Unstandardized slopes and intercepts for problem behaviours and native friends.

	Developing country background
	Active participants		Starters		Dropouts		Non-participants
	m(sd)	95% CI	M(sd)	95% CI	M(sd)	95% CI	M(sd)	95% CI
Intercept PB	.35(.02)	[.31,.40]	.33(.03)	[.30,.38]	.46(.05)	[.37,.55]	.43(.02)	[.39,.47]
Slope PB	−.01(.02)	[−.04,.02]	−.04(.02)	[−.07, −.01]	.01(.02)	[−.04,.05]	−.01(.01)	[−.03,.01]
Intercept NF	3.20(.09)	[3.03, 3.37]	2.86(.11)	[2.65, 3.07]	3.08(.12)	[2.83, 3.31]	2.70(.07)	[2.57, 2.83]
Slope NF	−.02(.05)	[−.12,.76]	−.01(.06)	[−.13,.11]	.01(.07)	[−.14,.15]	.00(.04)	[−.07,.07]
	Developed country background
Intercept PB	.41(.03)	[.36,.46]	.38(.03)	[.32,.44]	.54(.05)	[.44,.64]	.48(.03)	[.42,.54]
Slope PB	.02(.02)	[−.02,.05]	.01(.02)	[−.02,.05]	.03(.03)	[−.03,.08]	−.01(.02)	[−.04,.02]
Intercept NF	3.68(.09)	[3.50, 3.86]	3.65(.12)	[3.41, 3.90]	3.47(.12)	[3.23, 3.71]	3.33(.09)	[3.16, 3.51]
Slope NF	.01(.05)	[−.08,.10]	.07(.06)	[−.06,.19]	−.02(.06)	[−.15,.09]	−.01(.05)	[−.07,.10]
	Native background
Intercept PB	.43(.01)	[.41,.46]	.45(.03)	[.40,.50]	.49, (.02)	[.45,.54]	.52(.02)	[.48,.55]
Slope PB	.04(.01)	[.03,.05]	−.01(.01)	[−.04,.01]	.04(.01)	[.02,.06]	.01(.01)	[−.01,.03]
Intercept NF	4.35(.03)	[4.29, 4.40]	4.14(.07)	[4.01, 4.27]	4.34(.05)	[4.25, 4.44]	4.28(.04)	[4.20, 4.36]
Slope NF	−.05(.02)	[−.08, −.02]	−.05(.04)	[−.13,.02]	.02(.03)	[−.07,.03]	.01(.02)	[−.04,.06]

Notes: Note: A statistically credible slope has a 95% credibility interval not passing thru zero. PB = problem behaviours. NF = native friends.

Table 3. Group differences for problem behaviours.

	Developing country background
	Active vs starters		Active vs dropouts		Active vs non-participants		Starters vs dropouts		Starters vs non-participants		Dropouts vs non-participants
	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI
Intercept	.04(.04)	[−.05,.10]	−.10(.05)	[−.20, −.01]	−.07(.03)	[−.13, −.01]	−.13(.05)	[−.23, −.03]	−.09(.03)	[−.16, −.03]	.03(.05)	[−.06,.13]
Slope	.03(.02)	[−.01,.08]	−.02(.03)	[−.07,.04]	−.00(.02)	[−.04,.03]	−.05(.03)	[−.10,.01]	−.03(.02)	[−.07,.00]	.01(.03)	[−.04,.06]
	Developed country background
Intercept	.03(.04)	[−.05,.11]	−.13(.06)	[−.25, −.01]	−.07(.04)	[−.15,.01]	−.16(.06)	[−.28, −.04]	−10(.04)	[−.18, −.01]	.06(.06)	[−.06,.18]
Slope	.01(.02)	[−.05,.03]	−.01(.03)	[−.07,.06]	.03(.02)	[−.02,.07]	−.00(.03)	[−.06,.07]	.04(.02)	[−.01,.08]	.03(.03)	[−.03,.10]
	Swedish background
Intercept	−.02(.03)	[−.08,.03]	−.06(.03)	[−.11, −.01]	−.09(.02)	[−.13, −.04]	−.04(.04)	[−.11,.03]	−.07(.03)	[−.13,.01]	−.03(.02)	[−.09,.03]
Slope	.05(.02)	[.02,.08]	−.00(.01)	[−.03,.02]	.03(.01)	[.01,.05]	−.06(.02)	[−.09, −.02]	−.03(.02)	[−.06,.01]	.03(.01)	[.00,.06]
	Developing vs developed				Developing vs natives				Developed vs natives
					Active participants
	m(sd)		95% CI		m(sd)		95% CI		m(sd)		95% CI
Intercept	−.06(.04)		[−.12,.01]		−.08(.03)		[−.13, −.03]		−.02(.03)		[−.08,.04]
Slope	−.03(.02)		[−.07,.02]		−.05(.02)		[−.08, −.02]		−.03(.02)		[−.06,.01]
	Starters
Intercept	−.05(.04)		[−.14,.03]		−.12(.04)		[−.19, −.04]		−.07(.04)		[−.15,.11]
Slope	−.05(.02)		[−.10,.-01]		−.03(.02)		[−.07,.02]		.03(.02)		[−.02,.07]
	Dropouts
Intercept	−.08(.07)		[−.22,.05]		−.03(.05)		[−.13,.07]		.05(.06)		[−.06,.16]
Slope	−.02(.04)		[−.09,.05]		−.04(.03)		[−.08,.01]		−.02(.03)		[−.07,.04]
	Non-participants
Intercept	−.05(.04)		[−.12,.02]		−.09(.03)		[−.15, −.04]		−.04(.04)		[−.11,.03]
Slope	.01(.02)		[−.03,.04]		−.02(.01)		[−.05,.01]		−.03(.02)		[−.06,.01]

Note: A statistically credible difference has a 95% credibility interval not passing thru zero.

Table 4. Diff analysis of number of Swedish friends.

	Developing country background
	Act-start		Act-stop		Act-inact		Start-stop		Start-inact		Stop-inact
	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI	m(sd)	95% CI
Intercept	.34 (.14)	[.07,.61]	.12 (.15)	[−.17,.42]	.50 (.11)	[.28,.71]	−.22 (.16)	[−.54,.10]	.16 (.13)	[−.09,.40]	.37 (.14)	[.10,.65]
Slope	−.01 (.08)	[−.67,.14]	−.03 (.09)	[−.20,.15]	−.02 (.06)	[−.14,.10]	−.01 (.10)	[−.20,.17]	−.00 (.07)	[−.14,.13]	.01 (.08)	[−.15,.17]
	Developed country background
Intercept	.03 (.15)	[−.27,.33]	.21 (.15)	[−.09,.52]	.35 (.13)	[.10,.60]	.18 (.17)	[−.16,.53]	.32 (.15)	[.02,.62]	.14 (.15)	[−.16,.44]
Slope	−.05 (.08)	[−.21,.11]	.04 (.08)	[−.12,.19]	−.00(.07)	[−.13,.13]	.09 (.09)	[−.08,.26]	.05 (.08)	[−.10,.20]	−.04 (.08)	[−.19,.11]
	Native background
Intercept	.21 (.07)	[.07,.36]	.01 (.06)	[−.11,.12]	.07 (.05)	[−.03,.17]	−.20 (.08)	[−.36, −.04]	−.14 (.08)	[−.30,.01]	.06 (.06)	[−.06,.19]
Slope	.00 (.04)	[−.08,.09]	−.03 (.03)	[−.09,.03]	−.06 (.03)	[−.12, −.01]	−.03 (.05)	[−.12,.06]	−.06 (.05)	[−.15,.03]	−.03 (.04)	[−.10,.04]
	Participants
	Non west – west				Non west – Swedish				West – Swedish
	m(sd)		95% CI		m(sd)		95% CI		m(sd)		95% CI
Intercept	−.49(.13)		[−.73, −24]		−1.15(.10)		[−1.33, −.97]		−.66(.10)		[−.85, −.48]
Slope	−.04(.07)		[−.17,.10]		.03(.05)		[−.08,.13]		.06(.05)		[−.04,.16]
	Starters
Intercept	−.80(.16)		[−1.12, −.47]		−1.28(.13)		[−1.53, −1.04]		−.49(.14)		[−.76, −.21]
Slope	−.07(.09)		[−.25.10]		.05(.07)		[−.10,.18]		.11(.08)		[−.03,.26]
	Dropouts
Intercept	−.40 (.18)		[−.76, −.21]		−1.27(.13)		[−1.53, −1.00]		−.87(.13)		[−1.12, −.61]
Slope	.03(.10)		[−.16,.22]		.03(.08)		[−.13,.18]		.00(.07)		[−.10,.10]
	Non participants
Intercept	−.63(.11)		[−0.85, −.41]		−1.58(.08)		[−1.73, −1.43]		−.95(.10)		[−1.14, −.76]
Slope	−.02(.06)		[−.13,.10]		−.01(.04)		[−.10,.07]		.00(.05)		[−.10,.10]

Note: A statistically credible difference has a 95% credibility interval not passing thru zero.