Association of bullying on happiness at school: evidence from Thailand’s national school-based survey

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample characteristics classified by individual, household and school characteristics (n = 7825)

	n	%
Sex
Male	4073	52.1
Female	3752	47.9
Age (years)
6	763	9.8
7	1107	14.1
8	1210	15.5
9	1335	17.1
10	1339	17.1
11	1380	17.6
12	691	8.8
Grade
Early primary	3953	50.5
Late primary	3827	49.5
School area
Urban	3440	44.0
Rural	4385	56.0
School size
Small	2425	31.0
Medium	3569	45.6
Large	1831	23.4
Living arrangement
With mother and father	1272	16.3
With single mom or dad	1552	19.8
With extended family	3906	49.9
With relatives only	1095	14.0
Bully victim
Yes	3889	49.7
No	3936	50.3
Happiness
Overall happiness at school	4190	53.5
‘I really like going to school’	7221	92.3
‘Classroom atmosphere is good’	4679	59.8
‘I feel happy at school’	7342	93.8

Table 2. Bully victims’ characteristics

	Bully victims (n = 3889)		X^2	p
	n	%
Sex
Male	1937	52.0	15.5	0.000
Female	1952	48.0
Age (years)
6	651	16.7	2271.2	0.000
7	891	22.9
8	926	23.8
9	697	17.9
10	319	8.2
11	281	7.2
12	124	3.2
Grade
Early primary	3131	80.5	2782.1	0.000
Late primary	758	19.5
School area
Urban	1659	42.7	5.3	0.021
Rural	2230	57.3
School size
Small	1257	32.3	7.1	0.027
Medium	1755	45.1
Large	877	22.6
Living arrangement
With mother and father	640	50.3
With single mom or dad	772	49.7
With extended family	1965	50.3	4.5	0.207
With relatives only	512	46.8

Table 3. Happiness at school

	Overall happiness at school (n = 4190)		X^2	p
	n	%
Sex
Male	2140	51.1	3.4	0.063
Female	2050	48.9
Age
6	359	8.6	121.3	0.000
7	488	11.6
8	581	13.9
9	727	17.4
10	812	19.4
11	805	19.2
12	418	10
Grade
Early primary	1879	44.8	116.1	0.000
Late primary	2311	55.2
School area
Urban	1690	40.3	48.1	0.000
Rural	2500	59.7
School size
Small	1392	33.2	58.8	0.000
Medium	1956	46.7
Large	842	20.1
Living arrangement
With mother and father	678	53.3
With single mom or dad	796	51.3
With extended family	2127	54.5	4.5	0.209
With relatives only	589	53.8
Bully victim
Yes	1847	44.1	113.9	0.000
No	2343	55.9

Table 4. Correlates of happiness at school among bullying-victims

				95% C.I. for EXP(B)
	OR	p	SE	Upper	Lower
Model 1: Random effect
Bully victim
Yes	0.723	0.000	0.646	0.809	0.041
No (Ref.)
Gender
Male	1.110	0.021	1.017	1.016	0.051
Female (Ref.)
Age (years)
6	0.975	0.299	0.931	1.022	0.023
7	0.960	0.039	0.924	0.998	0.018
8	0.981	0.275	0.949	1.014	0.016
9	0.996	0.781	0.972	1.020	0.012
10	1.005	0.604	0.986	1.024	0.009
11	0.993	0.460	0.976	1.010	0.008
12 (Ref.)
Grade
Early primary	0.847	0.100	0.694	1.032	0.085
Late primary (Ref.)
School area
Urban	0.817	0.001	0.728	0.916	0.047
Rural (Ref.)
School size
Small (Ref.)
Medium	0.913	0.103	0.820	1.018	0.050
Large	0.718	0.000	0.617	0.836	0.055
Living arrangement
With mother and father	0.961	0.551	0.844	1.094	0.063
With single mom or dad	0.928	0.015	0.874	0.985	0.028
With relatives only	0.970	0.085	0.937	1.004	0.016
With extended family (Ref.)
Constant	1.782	0.000			0.201
Log Likelihood	-5283.268
LR test of rho	0.000
Chibar2(01)	0.450
Prob >= chibar2	0.251
Model Chi-square	0.000
Wald chi2 (15)	231.390
Number of observations	7825
Number of groups	23
Model 2: Fixed effect
Bully victim
Yes	0.724	0.000	0.057	0.810	0.647
No (Ref.)
Gender
Male	1.110	0.020	0.046	1.219	1.017
Female (Ref.)
Age (years)
6	0.975	0.298	0.024	1.022	0.931
7	0.960	0.037	0.020	0.998	0.924
8	0.982	0.270	0.017	1.015	0.950
9	0.996	0.769	0.012	1.021	0.973
10	1.005	0.613	0.010	1.024	0.986
11	0.993	0.451	0.009	1.011	0.977
12 (Ref.)
Grade
Early primary	0.847	0.100	0.101	1.032	0.694
Late primary (Ref.)
School area
Urban	0.825	0.001	0.056	0.921	0.740
Rural (Ref.)
School size
Small (Ref.)
Medium	0.913	0.093	0.054	1.015	0.821
Large	0.711	0.000	0.080	0.823	0.614
Living arrangement
With mother and father	0.961	0.543	0.066	1.093	0.844
With single mom or dad	0.928	0.014	0.031	0.985	0.874
With relatives only	0.970	0.085	0.018	1.004	0.938
With extended family (Ref.)
Constant	1.890
df	15
-2 Log Likelihood	10567.000
Cox & Snell R2	0.030
Nagelkerke R2	0.041
Model Chi-square	0.000
Number of observations	3889