The influence of resilience and future orientation on academic achievement during the transition to high school: the mediating role of social support

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive analysis and correlations of the variables.

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Gender	—
2. Age	.01	—
3. Future orientation	−.05	.06	—
4. Resilience	.03	.05	.32***	—
5. SS_Family	−.05	.01	.49***	.53***	—
6. SS_Friends	−.04	.12***	.31***	.52***	.32***	—
7. SS_Others	.03	.07*	.36***	.51***	.39***	.67***	—
8. SS_General	−.02	.08*	.49***	.65***	.71***	.83***	.86***	—
9. GPA	.09**	.08*	.32***	.52***	.39***	.65***	.61***	.69***	—
M	1.54	13.72	23.70	33.41	15.89	16.61	16.06	48.56	6.05
SD	0.50	.047	4.59	5.33	4.16	4.11	4.20	9.95	1.12

Gender was coded as 1 = male, 2 = female, SS = Social support. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Figure 1. The mediation model of general social support.

SS = Social support. Student’s gender and age, as well as their school type, were included as controlled variables, but they are not illustrated in the figure to make the picture concise. All the regression coefficients are standardized. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Figure 2. The mediation model of specific social supports.

SS = Social support. Student’s gender and age, as well as their school type, were included as controlled variables. The correlations among three specific social supports were added. The controlled variables and the correlations are not illustrated in the figure to make the it concise. All the regression coefficients are standardized. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Table 2. Standardized indirect effects and 95% confidence intervals.

Model path	Estimated effect	95% CI
		Lower	Upper
General social support
FO → SS_General → GPA	0.190	0.158	0.225
Re → SS_General → GPA	0.353	0.314	0.393
Specific social support
FO → SS_Family → GPA	0.032	0.011	0.057
FO → SS_Friends → GPA	0.056	0.041	0.074
FO → SS_Others → GPA	0.055	0.040	0.074
Re → SS_Family → GPA	0.039	0.015	0.067
Re → SS_Friends → GPA	0.187	0.160	0.218
Re → SS_Others → GPA	0.105	0.074	0.137

FO = Future orientation; SS = Social support; Re = Resilience; CI = confidence intervals.