Socially disadvantaged children in Vietnam: a self evaluation study with implications for their education

Figures & data

Table 1. Questionnaire item distribution.

	Category	Item
1	Appearance (A)	1, 3, 4, 5, 8
2	Health (H)	2, 6, 7, 9
3	Learning capacity (LC)	10, 13, 17, 19, 22
4	Learning efforts (LE)	11, 16, 18, 21
5	Learning attitudes (LA)	12, 14, 15, 20
6	Communication skills (CS)	27, 29, 33, 36, 38
7	Relationship building (RB)	23, 26, 31, 32
8	Relationship maintaining (RM)	24, 25, 28, 30, 34, 35, 37

Table 2. Validity measures analysis.

	CR	AVE	LE	LC	RM	RB	H	CS	LA	A
LE	.827	.565	.752
LC	.818	.553	.028	.743
RM	.776	.505	.211	.207	.71
RB	.791	.516	.085	.023	.039	.718
H	.760	.524	−.001	.062	.1	−.014	.724
CS	.775	.503	.191	.157	.191	.243	−.044	.709
LA	.763	.514	.039	.139	.245	.126	.071	.121	.717
A	.725	.501	.163	.148	.195	.153	−.223	.193	.182	.707

Table 3. Factor loadings and other values for evaluation of socially disadvantaged children.

Observed Variable	M	SD	Item corre.	α if item deleted	Exploratory factor analysis	Cronbach’s alpha
Appearance (M = 3.99, SD = .613)
Q1	3.90	.807	.583	.623	.720	.724
Q4	4.03	.812	.488	.678	.569
Q5	3.89	.836	.499	.676	.567
Q8	4.08	.781	.491	.677	.668
Health (M = 3.71, SD = .561)
Q2	3.69	.709	.567	.702	.692	.762
Q6	3.69	.745	.518	.726	.612
Q7	3.74	.784	.587	.688	.725
Q9	3.70	.728	.567	.702	.648
Learning capacity (M = 3.68, .525)
Q10	3.70	.719	.623	.776	.704	.819
Q13	3.58	.706	.638	.771	.708
Q17	3.67	.705	.649	.766	.756
Q22	3.78	.711	.640	.768	.749
Learning efforts (M = 4.02, SD = .582)
Q11	4.00	.725	.675	.772	.779	.826
Q16	3.99	.725	.644	.786	.717
Q18	4.00	.740	.687	.767	.786
Q21	4.08	.745	.605	.802	.676
Learning attitudes (M= 4.00, SD = .563)
Q12	4.08	.774	.582	.696	.684	.764
Q14	4.03	.714	.559	.708	.655
Q15	3.92	.767	.547	.715	.652
Q20	3.99	.812	.561	.707	.686
Communication skills (M = 3.96, SD = .554)
Q29	3.91	.744	.587	.715	.677	.776
Q33	3.99	.727	.613	.702	.723
Q36	3.92	.720	.527	.746	.629
Q38	4.04	.746	.585	.716	.693
Relationship building (M = 3.62, SD = .565)
Q23	3.68	.723	.610	.731	.718	.791
Q26	3.64	.728	.569	.751	.651
Q31	3.58	.731	.572	.752	.668
Q32	3.61	.762	.641	.716	.748
Relationship maintaining (M= 3.71, SD = .554)
Q24	3.72	.779	.535	.737	.596	.776
Q25	3.60	.757	.504	.748	.585
Q30	3.65	.783	.591	.718	.698
Q34	3.79	.794	.554	.733	.659
Q35	3.77	.814	.554	.733	.672

Table 4. Comparisons of children’s SE and caretakers’ evaluation.

Variable	Caretaker		Children		Mean Difference	p
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Appearance
Q1	4.36	.732	3.90	.807	.47	.000
Q4	4.50	.650	4.03	.812	.48	.000
Q5	4.35	.870	3.89	.836	.45	.000
Q8	4.33	.684	4.08	.781	.25	.004
Total	4.38	.398	3.99	.613	.39	.000
Health
Q2	3.68	.760	3.69	.709	−.01	.895
Q6	3.86	.806	3.69	.745	.17	.051
Q7	3.86	.794	3.74	.784	.12	.169
Q9	3.77	.734	3.70	.728	.06	.445
Total	3.79	.602	3.71	.561	.08	.184
Learning capacity
Q10	4.21	.714	3.70	.719	.52	.000
Q13	4.16	.754	3.58	.706	.58	.000
Q17	4.11	.718	3.67	.705	.44	.000
Q22	4.21	.727	3.78	.711	.44	.000
Total	4.18	.640	3.68	.525	.50	.000
Learning efforts
Q11	4.29	.701	4.00	.725	.29	.000
Q16	4.20	.693	3.99	.725	.21	.011
Q18	4.24	.750	4.00	.740	.24	.005
Q21	4.33	.684	4.08	.745	.24	.003
Total	4.26	.596	4.02	.582	.24	.000
Learning attitudes
Q12	4.27	.708	4.08	.774	.20	.024
Q14	4.32	.708	4.03	.714	.29	.000
Q15	4.20	.770	3.92	.767	.28	.002
Q20	4.24	.867	3.99	.812	.25	.008
Total	4.26	.628	4.00	.563	.26	.000
Communication skills
Q29	4.33	.641	3.91	.744	.42	.000
Q33	4.26	.678	3.99	.727	.28	.001
Q36	4.18	.656	3.92	.720	.26	.001
Q38	4.25	.660	4.04	.746	.22	.009
Total	4.25	.525	3.96	.554	.29	.000
Relationship building
Q23	4.07	.736	3.68	.723	.40	.000
Q26	4.11	.705	3.64	.728	.48	.000
Q31	3.96	.788	3.58	.731	.39	.000
Q32	4.04	.835	3.61	.762	.43	.000
Total	4.05	.589	3.62	.565	.43	.000
Relationship maintaining
Q24	4.45	.587	3.72	.779	.73	.000
Q25	4.43	.715	3.60	7.57	.83	.000
Q30	4.42	.701	3.65	.783	.77	.000
Q34	4.55	.563	3.79	.794	.76	.000
Q35	4.49	.635	3.77	.814	.71	.000
Total	4.47	.525	3.71	.554	.76	.000

Table

	Statement	Rating
1	I have a good shape/body build.	1	2	3	4	5
2	I have nothing to complain about my health.
3	I am beautiful.
4	My complexion is beautiful.
5	My face is good-looking.
6	I have good health.
7	I am diligent in doing physical activities (football, jogging, shuttlecock kicking, swimming…)
8	I am confident about my appearance in public.
9	I rarely get sick.
10	I am able to solve difficult tasks assigned by my teachers.
11	I always try to study to improve my academic performances.
12	For me, it is easy to study well.
13	I am able to remember the target input and readings long.
14	Schooling is important to me.
15	I really like learning.
16	I always volunteer in class.
17	I am able to study all subjects well.
18	I always consult my teachers and classmates when I face difficult tasks.
19	I am able to answer difficult questions right after the teacher asks them.
20	I will surpass my classmates in academic results.
21	I always pay attention to the teacher’s instruction in class.
22	I always finish my homework.
23	I am confident to socialize with strangers.
24	My friends often console with me when they face trouble.
25	I am always friendly with acquaintances.
26	I know how to make a conversation interesting.
27	I am able to maintain interesting conversations and talks.
28	I am available to help acquaintances in need when I can.
29	I am a good listener.
30	I get along with other people.
31	I can make friends easily.
32	I have no difficulty in interacting with strangers.
33	I am able to make other people understand what I say.
34	I have friends to share my feelings with.
35	I feel comfortable when I interact with my friends.
36	I am able to make good impressions on other people in conversation.
37	My friends are usually nice to me.
38	I always encourage other people.

Table

	Statement	Rating
1	The children have a good shape/body build.	1	2	3	4	5
2	The children have nothing to complain about my health.
3	The children am beautiful.
4	The children’s complexion is beautiful.
5	The children’s faces are good-looking.
6	The children have good health.
7	The children are diligent in doing physical activities (football, jogging, shuttlecock kicking, swimming…)
8	The children are confident about their appearance in public.
9	The children rarely get sick.
10	The children are able to solve difficult tasks assigned by my teachers.
11	The children always try to study to improve my academic performances.
12	The children encounter no difficulty in their studies.
13	The children are able to remember the target input and readings long.
14	Schooling is important to the children.
15	The children really like learning.
16	The children always volunteer in class.
17	The children are able to study all subjects well.
18	The children always consult my teachers and classmates when they face difficult tasks.
19	The children are able to answer difficult questions right after I ask them.
20	The children will surpass their classmates in academic results.
21	The children always pay attention to the teacher’s instruction in class.
22	The children always finish my homework.
23	The children are confident to socialize with strangers.
24	The children often console with each other when they face trouble.
25	The children are always friendly with acquaintances.
26	The children know how to make a conversation interesting.
27	The children are able to maintain interesting conversations and talks.
28	The children are available to help acquaintances in need when they can.
29	The children are good listeners.
30	The children get along with other people.
31	The children can make friends easily.
32	The children have no difficulty in interacting with strangers.
33	The children are able to make other people understand what they say.
34	The children have friends to share my feelings with.
35	The children feel comfortable when they interact with my friends.
36	The children are able to make good impressions on other people in conversation.
37	The children are usually nice to each other.
38	The children always encourage each other.