Effect of an intervention combining technological resources with a talk by a professional and contact with persons with lived experiences of mental health conditions to reduce stigma towards schizophrenia among young people

Figures & data

Figure 1. Stigma-stop screenshots.

Table 1. Session in the experimental groups and the control group.

	SESSION 0	SESSION 1	SESSION 2	SESSION 3	SESSION 4
GROUP 1 (E1)	Baseline	Video-game	Follow-up 1	Follow-up 2	Follow-up 3
GROUP 2 (E2)	Baseline	Video-game	Professional	Follow-up 1	Follow-up 2
GROUP 3 (E3)	Baseline	Video-game	Professional	Contact	Follow-up 1
GROUP 4 (CG)	Baseline	Follow-up 1	Follow-up 2	Follow-up 3	Follow-up 4

Table 2. Manova for differences between experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 and the control group.

	Initial Evaluation				Follow-up 1
	F	p	η2	Post-hoc in IE	F	p	η2	Post-hoc in Follow-up 1
Dangerousness	1.454	.226	.008	No existen diferencias entre ningún grupo	8.418	.000	.048	E1-E2* E1-E3* E2-CG*** E3-CG***
Stereotypes	0.872	.455	.005		5.719	.001	.033	E1-CG* E2-E3* E3-CG**
Total	0.904	.439	.005		7.370	.000	.043	E1-CG* E2-GC** E3-CG***
	Follow-up 2				Follow-up 3
	F	p	η2	Post-hoc in Follow-up 2	F	p	η2	Post-hoc in Follow-up 3
Dangerousness	8.444	.000	.050	E1-E2* E1-E3* E2-CG*** E3-CG***	27.987	.000	.153	E1-E3*** E2-E3*** E2-CG*** E3-CG***
Stereotypes	1.692	.168	.010	No existen diferencias	10.369	.000	.063	E1-E3*** E2-E3*** E3-CG***
Total	3.117	.026	.019	E3-GC*	19.546	.000	.112	E1-E3*** E2-E3*** E3-CG***
	Follow-up 4
	F	p	η2	Post-hoc in Follow-up 4
Dangerousness	15.765	.000	.093	E1-E3*** E2-E3*** E2-GC*** E3-GC***
Stereotypes	11.009	.000	.067	E2-E3*** E3-GC***
Total	13.971	.000	.083	E1-E3** E2-E3*** E3-GC***

***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05; IE = Initial Evaluation; E1 = Experimental Group 1; E2 = Experimental Group 2; E3 = Experimental Group 3; CG = Control Group.

Table 3. Manova experimental group 1 - differences between the various sessions.

VARIABLE	SESSION	M	SD	F	Sig.	η2	Post Hoc
QSAS FEAR	Baseline	5,47	2,51	4.649	.001	.038	BL-SG* BL-FL1** BL-FL2** BL-FL3***
	SERIOUS GAME	4,67	2,60
	Follow-up 1	4,41	2,56
	Follow-up 2	4,37	2,48
	Follow-up 3	4,03	2,47
QSAS STEREOTYPES	Baseline	4,18	3,27	1.020	.396	.009	No statistically significant differences
	SERIOUS GAME	3,52	2,91
	Follow-up 1	4,04	3,58
	Follow-up 2	4,39	3,93
	Follow-up 3	3,70	3,71
QSAS TOTAL	Baseline	9,65	5,02	1.909	.108	.016	BL-SG* BL-FL3*
	SERIOUS GAME	8,20	4,63
	Follow-up 1	8,46	5,45
	Follow-up 2	8,76	5,64
	Follow-up 3	7,75	5,23

Footnote: Baseline (BL); Serious Game (SG); Follow-up (FL).

Table 4. Manova experimental group 2 - differences between the various sessions.

VARIABLE	SESSION	M	SD	F	Sig.	η2	Post Hoc
QSAS FEAR	Baseline	5,02	2,56	12.821	.000	.038	BL-SG*** BL-PR*** BL-FL1*** BL-FL2***
	SERIOUS GAME	3,93	2,42
	PROFESSIONAL	3,63	2,65
	Follow-up 1	3,79	2,90
	Follow-up 2	3,71	2,63
QSAS STEREOTYPES	Baseline	4,00	3,42	3.107	.015	.009	BL-FL2*** SG-FL2*
	SERIOUS GAME	4,09	3,37
	PROFESSIONAL	4,58	3,75
	Follow-up 1	4,59	4,31
	Follow-up 2	5,02	4,47
QSAS TOTAL	Baseline	9,03	5,34	1.285	.274	.004	BL-SG*
	SERIOUS GAME	8,03	5,04
	PROFESSIONAL	8,22	5,65
	Follow-up 1	8,39	6,56
	Follow-up 2	8,75	6,42

Footnote: Baseline (BL); Serious Game (SG); professional (PF); Follow-up (FL).

Table 5. Manova experimental group 3 – differences between various sessions.

VARIABLE	SESSION	M	SD	F	Sig.	η2	Post Hoc
QSAS FEAR	Baseline	4,90	1,90	26.254	.000	.237	BL-SG*** BL-PR*** BL-CT*** BL-FL1*** SG-CT*** SG-FL1*** PR-CT*** PR-FL1*** CT-FL1*
	SERIOUS GAME	3,61	2,46
	PROFESSIONAL	3,33	2,32
	CONTACT	1,40	1,96
	Follow-up 1	2,28	2,26
QSAS STEREOTYPES	Baseline	3,79	2,60	5.864	.000	.065	BL-CT*** BL-FL1** SG-CT* PR-CT*** PR-FL1*
	SERIOUS GAME	2,89	2,71
	PROFESSIONAL	3,66	3,70
	CONTACT	1,85	3,08
	Follow-up 1	2,21	2,53
QSAS TOTAL	Baseline	8,70	3,93	15.872	.000	.158	BL-SG** BL-PR* BL-CT*** BL-FL1*** SG-CT*** SG-FL1* PR-BL* PR-CT*** PR-FL1***
	SERIOUS GAME	6,51	4,42
	PROFESSIONAL	7,00	5,33
	CCONTACT	3,26	4,55
	Follow-up 1	4,51	4,20

Footnote: Baseline (BL); Serious Game (SG); professional (PF); Contact (CT); Follow-up (FL).

Table 6. Manova control group – differences between the various sessions.

VARIABLE	SESSION	M	SD	F Sig.	η2		Post Hoc
QSAS FEAR	Baseline	4,97	1,32	0.450	.773	.005	No stastistically significant differences
	Follow-up 1	5,04	1,37
	Follow-up 2	5,08	1,43
	Follow-up 3	5,10	1,44
	Follow-up 4	5,30	2,00
QSAS STEREOTYPES	Baseline	4,56	1,25	0.874	.479	.010	No stastistically significant differences
	Follow-up 1	4,68	1,38
	Follow-up 2	4,79	1,44
	Follow-up 3	5,07	1,78
	Follow-up 4	4,91	2,57
QSAS TOTAL	Baseline	9,54	1,72	1.073	.370	.012	No stastistically significant differences
	Follow-up 1	9,72	1,95
	Follow-up 2	9,88	2,11
	Follow-up 3	10,17	2,44
	Follow-up 4	10,22	3,15