Manipulating laterality and polarity of transcranial direct current stimulation to optimise outcomes for anomia therapy in an individual with chronic Broca’s aphasia

Figures & data

Table 1. JSc’s percentage scores on the battery of language and neuropsychological tests. Scores in bold indicate performance outside the normal range.

Subtest	Score
Minimal pairs (non-words) PALPA 1	75.00
Minimal pairs (words) PALPA 2	86.11
Non-word repetition (immediate) PALPA 8	36.67
Non-word repetition (delayed) PALPA 8	63.33
Word repetition (immediate) PALPA 9	90.00
Word repetition (delayed) PALPA 9	91.25
64-Item naming	71.88
Boston Naming Test	53.33
Spoken word to picture matching (CAT)	98.44
Written word to picture matching (CAT)	98.44
Spoken sentence comprehension	75.00
96 Synonym judgement	76.04
Semantic association (written) Camel and Cactus test	82.81
Forward digit span	62.50
Backward digit span	42.86
Brixton Spatial Anticipation test	43.64
Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices	77.78

Figure 1. MRI images showing coordinates and location of tDCS stimulation sites (arrows).

Figure 2. The design of the current study.

Figure 3. Percentage naming accuracy for all treated items by session and stimulation type.

Figure 4. Percentage change in naming accuracy from baseline for all treated items by session and stimulation type. Asterisks indicate significantly greater gains for active than sham stimulation.

Figure 5. Percentage naming accuracy for all untreated items by session and stimulation type.

Figure 6. Mean time (s) taken to correctly name control items by session and stimulation type. Error bars show ±1 standard error.

Table 2. Total response length (s), number of pauses, number of tokens, number of morphemes, MLU, and TTR for the picture description task.

		Connected speech measure
Condition	Time point	Length	Pauses	Tokens	Morphemes	MLU	TTR
P Anodal	Pre	107.8	15	78	88	6.3	43.6
	1 Week	73.9	10	41	51	4.6	63.4
	3 Weeks	89.6	10	60	71	7.1	56.7
P Cathodal	Pre	68.9	10	47	52	6.5	67.0
	1 Week	110.2	17	57	66	3.7	52.6
	3 Weeks	68.7	10	55	65	5.9	60.0
P Sham	Pre	63.8	10	43	49	4.9	48.8
	1 Week	94.8	18	74	88	6.3	55.4
	3 Weeks	46.0	9	48	52	5.8	62.5
C Anodal	Pre	68.5	17	63	69	4.3	52.4
	1 Week	38.2	5	51	61	10.2	72.6
	3 Weeks	59.7	8	64	73	10.4	59.4
C Cathodal	Pre	47.5	10	64	73	6.6	59.4
	1 Week	47.5	10	63	70	6.4	54.0
	3 Weeks	64.7	9	62	70	8.8	59.7
C Sham	Pre	29.2	3	46	51	12.8	67.4
	1 Week	50.1	7	52	60	8.6	55.8
	3 Weeks	50.9	6	50	61	8.7	72.0

Table 3. Total percentage scores on the mood questionnaire, COAST, and Carer COAST.

Condition	Time point	Mood questionnaire	COAST	Carer COAST
P Anodal	Pre	80.00	52.50	63.75
	1 Week	60.00	37.50	55.00
	3 Weeks	67.50	41.25	73.75
P Cathodal	Pre	67.50	47.50	73.75
	1 Week	70.00	42.50	61.25
	3 Weeks	67.50	42.50	67.50
P Sham	Pre	55.00	36.50	63.75
	1 Week	47.50	45.00	60.00
	3 Weeks	50.00	42.50	66.25
C Anodal	Pre	42.50	43.75	60.00
	1 Week	60.00	46.25	66.25
	3 Weeks	65.00	46.25	63.75
C Cathodal	Pre	87.50	46.25	67.50
	1 Week	72.50	55.00	67.50
	3 Weeks	62.50	43.75	66.25
C Sham	Pre	70.00	52.50	70.00
	1 Week	77.50	65.00	68.75
	3 Weeks	70.00	51.25	70.00