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Research Article

Pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in elective cranial surgery: a systematic review of time of initiation, regimen and duration

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 407-414 | Received 15 Nov 2021, Accepted 06 Apr 2022, Published online: 21 Apr 2022

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of major national guidelines for pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in cranial neurosurgery.

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram of systematic search.

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram of systematic search.

Table 2. Characteristics of eligible studies included in this systematic review.

Figure 2. Risk of bias, determined according to the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool. Risk of bias in each domain is classed as serious, moderate, low or no information as seen in the legend. VTE: venous thromboembolism; ICH: intracranial haemorrhage; D1: bias due to confounding; D2: bias in selection of participants into study; D3: bias in classification of interventions; D4: bias due to deviations from intended intervention; D5: bias due to missing data; D6: bias in measurement of outcomes, D7: bias in selection of reported result.

Figure 2. Risk of bias, determined according to the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool. Risk of bias in each domain is classed as serious, moderate, low or no information as seen in the legend. VTE: venous thromboembolism; ICH: intracranial haemorrhage; D1: bias due to confounding; D2: bias in selection of participants into study; D3: bias in classification of interventions; D4: bias due to deviations from intended intervention; D5: bias due to missing data; D6: bias in measurement of outcomes, D7: bias in selection of reported result.

Table 3. VTE and ICH Rates and time of initiating prophylactic anticoagulation after surgery.

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