Lifetime prevalence of traumatic brain injury in a demographically diverse community sample

ABSTRACT

Background: Although incidence rates are well documented for traumatic brain injury, lifetime prevalence in a demographically diverse sample is unknown. We examined the prevalence of self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a demographically diverse sample.

Methods: History of TBI was examined in 2881 African-Americans and Whites in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study—a community-based, epidemiological investigation of urban-dwelling adults. Logistic regression analyses examined the odds of TBI as a function of sex, race, poverty status, age quintile and their interactions.

Results: A significant 3-way interaction was noted amongst race, poverty status and age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.31, p = 0.021). Amongst Whites living in poverty, younger (30–36 years of age) individuals had greater odds of TBI than older (58–64 years of age) individuals, whereas older African-Americans living in poverty had greater odds of TBI. Additionally, a main effect of sex (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.85–3.03, p < 0.001) indicated that men had greater odds of TBI.

Conclusions: History of TBI is most prevalent in men, older African-Americans in poverty, and younger Whites in poverty. Preventive measures targeting relevant TBI risk factors in these populations are warranted.

KEYWORDS:

• Traumatic brain injury
• prevalence
• demographics
• sex
• race: poverty
• age

Declaration of Interest

The authors report no conflicts of interests. The National Institute on Aging’s Intramural Research Program and National Institutes of Health Grant 1RO1AG034161 supported this research.