Relationship between social cognition and social behaviour following traumatic brain injury

Figures & data

Table 1. Overview of studies reporting correlations between perception of social cues and social behaviour following TBI.

Study	Sample size (n)	Social cognition measures	Ratings of post-injury behaviour	Correlation (r)	Results	Relative weight (%)
Knox & Douglas (38)	13	Recognizing emotions in faces and body postures	R-CHART occupation and social integration (self-report)	0.65	Better emotion recognition - better social outcome	3
May et al. (39)	40	Recognizing emotions in faces	DEX social behaviour (proxy)	−0.43	Better emotion recognition - fewer difficulties in social behaviour	11
Milders et al. (40)	17	Recognizing emotions in faces and tone-of-voice	NBAP (proxy)	0.20	No significant correlation emotion recognition – social and emotional behaviour	4
Milders et al. (36)	33	Recognizing emotions in faces and tone-of-voice	NBAP pragnosia - effective communication (proxy)	−0.41	Better emotion recognition - fewer difficulties in effective communication	8
Osborne-Crowley & McDonald, (41)	23	Recognizing emotions in dynamic face and body postures	SPRS interpersonal relationships (proxy)	−0.34	No significant correlation emotion recognition – changes in interpersonal relationships	6
Ryan et al. (37)	34	Recognizing emotions in faces and tone-of-voice	ABCL externalizing behaviour (proxy)	−0.54	Better emotion recognition in tone-of voice - fewer behavioural problems	9
Saxton et al. (42)	24	Recognizing emotions in faces	KBCI interpersonal difficulties (self-report)	0.15	No significant association between emotion recognition and behaviour	6
Spikman et al. (43)	51	Recognizing emotions in faces	DEX (proxy)	−0.38	Better emotion recognition - fewer behavioural problems	14
Struchen et al. (35)	121	Recognizing emotions in faces and tone-of-voice	CHART-SF social integration (self-report)	0.26	Better emotion recognition - better social relationships	34
Ubukata et al. (44)	20	Recognizing emotions in faces	R-CHART social integration (self-report)	0.21	No significant association between emotion recognition and social outcome	5
Total n	378		Average r	0.36		100%

ABCL: Adult Behaviour Check-List; CHART-SF: Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique – Short form; R-CHART: Revised-Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique; DEX: Dysexecutive Questionnaire; KBCI: Key Behaviours Change Inventory; NBAP: Neuropsychology Behaviour and Affect Profile; SPRS: Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale.

Table 2. Overview of studies reporting correlations between understanding of intention or theory-of-mind and social behaviour following TBI.

Study	Sample size (n)	Intention/theory-of-mind	Ratings of post-injury behaviour	Correlation (r)	Results	Relative weight (%)
Byom & Turkstra (45)	20	Mental state words in discourse	Quality of social communication (independent raters)	−0.46	More mental state words – more socially acceptable communication	6
May et al. (39)	40	Faux Pas test, Hinting test, ToM Cartoon test, Cartoon Predictions test	DEX social behaviour (proxy)	−0.25	No significant association intention understanding sum score - difficulties in social behaviour12	12
Milders et al. (40)	17	Faux Pas test	NBAP (proxy)	−0.61	Better performance on Faux Pas - fewer behavioural problems (trend)	5
Milders et al. (36)	33	Faux Pas test, Cartoon test	NBAP (proxy)	0.03	No significant association intention understanding sum score - behavioural problems	10
Struchen et al. (46)	184	AIPSS problem identification	CIQ social integration (self-report)	0.15	Better understanding social situations – better social outcome	61
Ubukata et al. (44)	20	Mind in the Eyes tests	R-CHART social integration (self-report)	0.10	No significant association intention understanding and social outcome	6
Total n	314		Average r	0.24		100%

R-CHART: Revised-Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique; DEX: Dysexecutive Questionnaire; NBAP: Neuropsychology Behaviour and Affect Profile; AIPSS: Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills; CIQ: Community Integration Questionnaire.

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