Components of self-awareness affecting caregiver burden: a long-term follow-up study

Figures & data

Table 1. Injury-related and demographic variables of ABI survivors.

Variables	All participants (n = 64)
Age at time of injury (years) (mean ± SD)	32.81 ± 16.94
Age at admission (years)	35.36 ± 15.42
Age at time of study (years)	44.39 ± 17.04
Injury to admission duration (years)	2.96 ± 5.29
Treatment duration (years)	1.10 ± 0.53
Discharge to follow-up (years)	7.90 ± 6.77
Education at discharge (years)	14.32 ± 2.23
Handedness
Right (N [% of sample])	58 (91%)
Left	6 (9%)
Marital status at the time of survey
Single	28 (44%)
Married/In Relationship	31 (48%)
Others (separated, divorced)	5 (8%)
Gender
Male	41 (64%)
Female	23 (36%)
Race/Ethnicity
Caucasian	51 (80%)
Hispanic	10 (15%)
Other	3 (5%)
Etiology
TBI	39 (61%)
CVA	19 (30%)
Other (Anoxia, Tumor, & Infection)	6 (9%)
Caregiver Gender
Male	23 (36%)
Female	41 (64%)
Caregiver Relationships
Parents	32 (50%)
Spouse/Significant other	28 (44%)
Child	4 (6%)

Table 2. Classifications of ISA and USA based on four discrepancy models.

MPAI-4 Discrepancy Model	ISA	USA
Ability Adjustment	41% (N = 26) 48% (N = 31)	59% (N = 38) 52% (N = 33)
Participation Total Score	47% (N = 30) 37% (N = 24)	53% (N = 34) 63% (N = 40)

ISA: Impaired self-awareness; USA: Unimpaired self-awareness.

Table 3. Caregiver burden linear regression based on four MPAI-4 discrepancy models.

	Ability	Adjustment	Participation	Total score
Degree of freedom	63	63	63	63
R2	.30	.20	.20	.33
p-value	< .001	<.01	.01	< .001
Factors
Self-Awareness
Standardized Beta	−.47	−.29	−.25	−.52
t	−3.61	−2.08	−1.97	−3.97
p-value	< .01	.04	.05	< .001
Survivor MPAI-4 Total Score
Standardized Beta	.42	.32	.28	.47
t	3.30	2.39	2.19	3.63
p-value	< .01	.02	.03	< .01
Time Between Discharge and Survey
Standardized Beta	.30	.25	.21	.26
t	2.60	2.09	1.74	2.33
p-value	.01	.41	.08	.02
Social Life
Standardized Beta	.21	.27	.21	.25
t	1.92	2.26	1.80	2.28
p-value	.59	.03	.08	.03