The effect of picture support on narrative retells in Swedish adolescents with ADHD

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive data for the participants included in the study

	ADHD (N = 15)		TD (N = 31)
Measure	Mean (SD)	Range	Mean (SD)	Range	*Group diff.
Age (months)	163.87 (15.91)	140–194	164.90 (14.42)	142–188	p = .833
Guardians’ average education in years after compulsory school (ADHD n = 14, TD n = 28)	4.32 (1.91)	1–7	4.98 (1.61)	2–8	p = .244
TROG 2, Swedish version (percentile)	29.07 (20.64)	6–73	46.97 (19.62)	12–82	p = .009
CELF-4 Recalling sentences (raw score, max 54)	34.79 (6.44)	24–45	42.45 (7.31)	25–51	p = .001
CELF-4 Digit repetition (raw score, max 30)	12.41 (1.98)	9–17	13.39 (2.42)	10–19	p = .188
SDQ; Total scale (raw score, max 40) (ADHD n = 11, TD n = 17)	13.73 (3.26)	10–21	6.29 (4.47)	1–15	p < .001
SDQ; Hyperactivity/Inattention scale (raw score, max 10) (ADHD n = 11, TD n = 17)	6.91 (1.22)	5–8	2.88 (2.06)	0–7	p < .001

* Groups compared with an independent, two-tailed t-test (equal variances not assumed). Bolded p-values indicate significant group differences.

Table 2. Interrater reliability for four participants. W = task with picture support, and WO = task without picture support

Measure	Task	Mean % agreement
Story grammar	W WO	93% 94%
Number of details	W WO	95% 97%
	W WO	98% 98%
% C-units w. errors	W WO	81% 81%
Subordination index (SI)	W WO	98% 98%
Mean length of C-unit (MLCU)	W WO	97% 97%

Table 3. Descriptive data and summary of significant effects for the task with picture support (W) and without picture support (WO) for the macro- and microlevel measures for the two groups

		ADHD (N = 15)			TD (N = 31)
Measure	Task	M (SD)	Mdn	Range	M (SD)	Mdn	Range	Sign. Effects?
Story grammar units (max 21)	W WO	14.2 (3.0) 15.0 (4.1)	15 16	9–18 4–21	15.3 (2.1) 17.5 (1.9)	15 18	11–20 14–21	ADHD < TD W < WO
Number of details (max 76)	W WO	36.2 (8.4) 33.1 (10.8)	39 34	21–48 8–48	40.3 (6.9) 41.3 (7.2)	41 40	24–53 29–57	ADHD < TD
	W WO	261.3 (76.9) 244.3 (81.0)^a	285 254	99–374 75–359	292.2 (68.0)^a 310.7 (65.2)^b	286 311	173–502 209–510	ADHD < TD +interaction
% C-units w. errors	W WO	18.1 (13.4) 20.9 (14.0)	14.6 20.8	0–41.2 0–50.0	13.0 (10.5) 9.4 (7.9)	10.7 8.3	0–43.8 0–30.4	WO: ADHD > TD
Subordination index (SI)	W WO	1.5 (0.2) 1.5 (0.2)	1.5 1.5	1.1–2.0 1.2–1.7	1.7 (0.2) 1.6 (0.1)	1.6 1.5	1.4–2.3 1.3–1.9	W: ADHD < TD TD: W > WO
Mean length of C-unit (MLCU)	W WO	10.4 (2.5) 9.6 (1.5)	10.2 9.7	5.8–15.4 7.2–12.5	12.1 (2.4) 10.2 (1.6)	11.4 9.7	8.8–18.9 8.2–14.9	W: ADHD < TD TD: W > WO

Notes: Bolded means indicate that parametric tests (ANOVA) were used, and bolded medians that nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon Signed Rank) were used. Different superscripts on mean values indicate significant follow-up pairwise comparisons after a significant interaction.