Emotional inertia contributes to depressive symptoms beyond perseverative thinking

Figures & data

Table 1. Results of ML autoregressive models predicting NA(t) from NA(t–1), state perseverative thoughts and depressive symptoms

	Estimate	SE	t	p	Total^a R^2	Shared R^2	Unique R^2
ML Model 1
Intercept	.91	.08	11.70	<.0001
DepSym	.71	.18	3.99	<.0001
Day	.002	.001	3.72	.001
NA(t–1)	.34	.02	19.72	<.0001	.15
NA(t–1) × DepSym	.13	.04	3.48	.001
ML Model 2A
Intercept	.91	.08	11.33	<.0001
Day	.002	.001	3.35	.001
NA (t–1)	.23	.02	12.93	<.0001			.09
State perseverative thoughts	.20	.01	16.01	<.0001	.31	.06	.16
ML Model 2B
Intercept	1.24	.09	14.22	<.0001
DepSym	.65	.18	3.56	.001
Day	.002	.001	2.71	.01
NA (t–1)	.19	.02	12.03	<.0001
NA (t–1) × DepSym	.26	.02	16.80	<.0001
State perseverative thoughts	.11	.04	3.20	.001	.31
ML Model 3
Intercept	1.19	.09	13.45	<.0001
DepSym	.77	.20	3.83	<.001
Day	.003	.001	3.08	.002
State perseverative thoughts	.28	.02	16.21	<.0001	.22
State perseverative thoughts × DepSym	.09	.04	2.19	.03

Note: NA(t) was the outcome variable in all models. DepSym = depressive symptoms.

^a Total refers to the Level-1 predictors (NA and/or perseverative thoughts); not reported are random effects (day, NA [t–1], state perseverative thoughts) and residual variance. All analyses were performed adjusting for between-person differences in preferred time of attendance as well as the within-person variation in time of attendance around individuals' preferred times. Between-person differences in timing were included as a grand-mean centred Level-2 predictor of the intercept in affect; within-person variation in timing was included as a group-mean centred Level-1 predictor of affect variation across time. The inclusion of these predictors did not affect the associations relevant for this study.

Table 2. OLS regression (Reg.) models predicting depressive symptoms (CES-D) from emotional inertia and trait perseverative thoughts

		Results from multiple regression
Outcome	Predictors	Estimate	p	Total R^2	Shared R^2	Unique R^2
OLS Reg. Model 1
CES-D Time 2	Inertia	1.07	.002	.39	.13	.06
	CES-D Time 1	.50	<.0001			.20
OLS Reg. Model 2
CES-D Time 3	Inertia	.32	.35	.25	.06	.01
	CES-D Time 1	.39	<.0001			.18
OLS Reg. Model 3
CES-D Time 1	Inertia, adjusted^a	.81	.04	.19	.06	.04
	Trait perseverative thoughts	.10	.002			.09
OLS Reg. Model 4
CES-D Time 1	Inertia, adjusted^a	.80	.04	.24	.12	.03
	Trait perseverative thoughts	.08	.02			.05
	Affect–perseverative thoughts association^a	.42	.02			.04

^a These predictors are the person-specific/random effects from ML Model 2A (Table 1).