More than meets the eye: emotional stimuli enhance boundary extension effects for both depressed and never-depressed individuals

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean (SD) sample characteristics by group.

Variable	Never Depressed (n = 41)	Depressed (n = 42)
Age in years	37.79 (15.47)	38.64 (14.24)
Number male:female:non-binary	19:22:0	16:25:1
Number employed/studying full-time	32	30
Level of Education	2:11:19:8:1	5:7:14:13:3
Ethnicity	37:3:1	37:4:1
Psychotropic medication use	0	23*
Beck Depression Inventory-II	4.05 (3.42)	31.55 (11.67)*
Ruminative Response Scale	36.41 (11.74)	62.31 (10.81)*
Beck Hopelessness Scale	1.95 (1.61)	12.21 (5.51)*
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale	31.17 (6.97)	40.71 (8.65)*
Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale	33.29 (3.60)	20.88 (5.11)*
General Self Efficacy Scale	33.32 (3.74)	25.38 (6.18)*
Digit Span	20.59 (4.48)	17.86 (4.71)
Verbal Fluency Test	38.61 (10.43)	36.02 (9.94)
NART number of errors	12.78 (7.96)	12.52 (7.26)

Note. * p < .05. For education, number of participants that have completed high school: 6th form or college: undergraduate degree: postgraduate degree: other (including apprenticeship or diplomas). For ethnicity, number of participants that self-identified as of White: Asian: Mixed race heritage.

Figure 1. a. Estimated marginal mean (standard error) boundary extension scores across all stimuli and for each stimuli valence, by group. b. Estimated marginal mean (standard error) boundary extension scores by content type and valence, for each group. Note: Boundary extension scores were measured on an index of 0 to 100, such that higher scores indicate greater boundary extension. Error bars represent standard error.