Ecological momentary assessment of the unique effects of trait worry on daily negative emotionality: does arousal matter?

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations among study variables.

Variable	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.
1. PSWQ	–
2. DASS-D	.36**	–
3. Average High Arousal NA	.38**	.26*	–
4. Average Low Arousal NA	.33**	.36**	.61**	–
5. Average HR	−.02	.05	.03	−.02	–
M	49.17	5.38	5.22	2.59	84.06
SD	14.97	7.90	1.47	0.74	8.68
Range	19–79	0–40	3.16–9.52	2.00–6.14	64.00–119.47

Note. PSWQ = Penn State Worry Questionnaire; DASS-D = Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales 21 – Depression Subscale; Average High Arousal NA = average of High Arousal Negative Affect (anxiety, anger, stress) ratings at each timepoint; Average Low Arousal NA = average of Low Arousal Negative Affect (sadness, depression) ratings at each timepoint; Average HR = average of heart rates reported at each timepoint. *p < .05, **p < .001

Table 2. Multilevel model results predicting momentary (1) High Arousal NA and (2) Low Arousal NA as a Function of Trait Worry.

	Model 1 (High Arousal NA)					Model 2 (Low Arousal NA)
Predictor	Coeff.	SE	df	t	p	Coeff.	SE	df	t	p
Intercept	7.708	0.964	84.6	7.99	<.001	2.427	0.632	119	3.84	<.001
Time of Day	−0.062	0.054	1280	−1.14	0.253	0.097	0.026	1714	3.73	<.001
PSWQ	0.024	0.007	82.4	3.40	0.001	0.012	0.005	117	2.69	0.008
DASS-D	0.005	0.014	82.3	0.37	0.709	0.026	0.009	117	3.00	0.003
HR	0.010	0.003	1552	3.02	0.003	0.002	0.002	2107	1.32	0.187
Exercise	0.035	0.124	1435	0.28	0.776	−0.128	0.063	2161	−2.02	0.044
HR Mean	−0.032	0.011	82.7	−2.89	0.005	−0.001	0.007	117	−0.16	0.876
Ex Mean	−0.265	0.522	82.1	−0.51	0.614	0.292	0.307	117	0.95	0.344

Note. NA = Negative Affect; PSWQ = Penn State Worry Questionnaire; DASS-D = Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales 21 – Depression Subscale; HR = momentary heart rate, person-mean-centered; Exercise = whether or not participant exercised that day (0 = no, 1 = yes), person-mean-centered; HR Mean = person mean of momentary heart rate; Ex Mean = person mean of daily exercise (0 = no, 1 = yes).