Impacts of a micro-sewage effluent on the biota of a small Apennine creek

Figures & data

Table 1. Main chemical-microbiological parameters upstream and downstream of the sewage outfall in Caramagna Creek (mean ± SD).

Parameters	Upstream	Downstream
Conductivity (µS/cm)	469.0 ± 41.8	510.8 ± 37.1
DO (mg/L)	11.30 ± 0.99	9.04 ± 0.69
T (°C)	8.30 ± 5.28	8.53 ± 5.84
Total P (mg/L)	0.05 ± 0.00	0.82 ± 0.68
COD (mg/L)	7.51 ± 1.40	24.0 ± 30.7
(mg/L)	0.07 ± 0.07	2.88 ± 3.84
(mg/L)	0.71 ± 0.34	0.69 ± 0.40
pH	7.91 ± 0.19	6.78 ± 2.85
Anionic tensioactives (mg/L)	0.05 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.01
E. coli (cfu/mL)	0.00 ± 0.00	1983.3 ± 3504.5

Figure 1. Relative abundance of functional feeding groups upstream (U) and downstream (D) of the sewage outfall in Caramagna Creek.

Table 2. Relative abundances (%) for macroinvertebrates collected upstream (U) and downstream (D) of the sewage outfall.

Taxon	U	D	Taxon	U	D
Plecoptera			Calopteryx sp.	0.036	0.004
Capnia bifrons	0.336	0.006	Onychogomphus forcipatus	0.129	0.002
Leuctra sp.	2.525	0.035	Orthetrum sp.	0.029	0.000
Nemoura sp.	1.280	0.189	Coleoptera
Protonemura sp.	0.072	0.004	Haliplidae	0.007	0.000
Isoperla sp.	1.001	0.027	Dytiscidae
Brachyptera sp.	13.140	0.272	Deronectes delarouzei	0.000	0.000
Ephemeroptera			Deronectes moestus	0.007	0.000
Electrogena sp.	0.143	0.000	Hydroglyphus pusillus	0.007	0.000
Serratella ignita	0.837	0.132	Unidentified larvae	0.043	0.004
Epeorus sylvicola	0.036	0.000	Hydrophilidae	0.014	0.000
Siphlonurus lacustris	0.486	0.132	Dryopidae
Caenis sp.	0.694	0.014	Unidentified larvae	0.014	0.000
Baetis sp.	14.700	0.692	Helichus substriatus	1.688	0.027
Torleya major	0.014	0.004	Hydraenidae	0.000	0.000
Centroptilum luteolum	1.016	0.000	Hydraena similis	0.000	0.002
Ecdyonurus sp.	2.775	0.066	Haenydra solarii	0.000	0.000
Ephemera danica	0.229	0.004	Hydraena andreinii	0.658	0.023
Paraleptophlebia sp.	0.315	0.000	Hydraena assimilis	0.093	0.000
Habroleptoides sp.	0.608	0.021	Haenydra heterogina	0.021	0.000
Habrophlebia sp.	3.169	0.043	Haenydra truncata	0.086	0.000
Trichoptera			Hydraena subimpressa	0.286	0.000
Polycentropodidae	0.000	0.002	Haenydra devillei	0.021	0.000
Hydroptilidae	0.007	0.000	Limnebius mucronatus	0.007	0.000
Beraeidae	0.043	0.000	Gyrinidae	0.322	0.006
Hydropsyche sp.	1.395	0.031	Elmidae
Wormaldia sp.	0.486	0.004	Unidentified larvae	0.479	0.016
Philopotamus sp.	0.229	0.002	Unidentified adults	0.615	0.014
Leptoceridae	0.501	0.000	Esolus sp.	0.021	0.000
Goeridae	0.043	0.000	Scirtidae	0.622	0.002
Glossosomatidae	1.473	0.016	Hemiptera
Psychomyidae	0.315	0.006	Velia sp.	0.007	0.000
Limnephilidae	1.209	0.008	Hydrometra stagnorum	0.007	0.000
Rhyacophila sp.	0.000	0.002	Gerridae	0.000	0.002
Hyporhyacophila sp.	0.036	0.002	Micronecta sp.	2.589	0.004
Anabolia lombarda	0.057	0.000	Hirudinea
Potamophylax cingulatus	0.050	0.000	Dina sp.	0.007	0.000
Odontocerum albicorne	0.336	0.000	Helobdella stagnalis	0.007	0.000
Sericostoma sp.	0.136	0.000	Annelida
Diptera			Eiseniella tetraedra	2.296	0.035
Culicidae	0.007	0.000	Lumbricidae	0.858	0.014
Anopheles sp.	0.007	0.000	Lumbriculidae	0.479	0.091
Atherix sp.	0.136	0.002	Naididae	1.802	79.730
Chironomidae	11.780	16.980	Tubificidae	0.093	0.187
Ceratopogonidae	0.966	0.181	Tricladida
Dixa sp.	0.043	0.000	Dugesia sp.	5.443	0.051
Tabanidae	0.143	0.000	Bivalvia
Tipula sp.	0.944	0.045	Pisidium sp.	0.029	0.000
Stratiomyidae	0.107	0.004	Gastropoda
Limoniidae	0.272	0.004	Ancylus fluviatilis	0.007	0.000
Simuliidae	14.650	0.661	Lymnaea peregra	0.100	0.004
Empididae	0.043	0.006	Arachnida
Psychodidae	0.107	0.004	Hydracarina	1.874	0.037
Sciomyzidae	0.000	0.002	Nematomorpha
Rhagionidae	0.007	0.000	Gordius sp.	0.043	0.000
Megaloptera			Nematoda
Sialis fuliginosa	0.007	0.000	Unidentified species	0.072	0.117
Odonata			Mermithidae	0.021	0.019
Cordulegaster boltoni	0.093	0.000	Hymenoptera
Boyeria irene	0.021	0.000	Agriotypus armatus (in Goeridae)	0.014	0.000

Figure 2. Relative abundance of biological traits groups (Usseglio-Polatera et al. 2000) in the functional feeding group presence in the upstream (U) and downstream (D) reaches of Caramagna Creek.

Figure 3. Relative abundance of ecological traits groups (Usseglio-Polatera et al. 2000) in the functional feeding group presence in the upstream (U) and downstream (D) reaches of Caramagna Creek.

Usseglio-Polatera , P , Bournaud , M , Richoux , P and Tachet , H . 2000 . Biological and ecological traits of benthic fresh-water macroinvertebrates: relationships and definition of groups with similar traits . Freshwater Biology , 43 ( 2 ) : 175 – 205 .

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