Vertical segregation of apartment building dwellers during late state socialism in Bucharest, Romania

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics

		Apartment Buildings
	Allresidences	All	Prewar	Postwar, 5–9 stories (all)	Postwar, 5–9 stories (constructed after 1979)	Postwar, 10 or more stories (all)	Postwar, 10 or more stories (constructed after 1979)
Age structure
15–29 years	8.1	8.3	8.3	8.3	10.2	7.2	8.1
30–44 years	35.4	38.7	30.1	43.3	55.9	36.4	51
45–59 years	25.8	26.6	21.8	22.4	20.3	29.3	21.8
60–74 years	22.5	20.3	25.5	20.2	10.3	20.4	13.7
75 years or more	8.1	6.2	14.3	5.7	3.4	6.7	5.4
Labor force participation
Not active	42.4	38.4	47.7	34.9	21.0	38.4	26.9
Active	57.6	61.6	52.3	65.1	79.0	61.6	73.1
Educational attainment
Less than primary or primary	31.9	28.2	21.5	27.3	26.6	27.9	24.4
Secondary	47.4	50.1	43.6	50.8	54.3	49.8	51.4
Higher	20.7	21.7	34.9	22.0	19.1	22.4	23.4
Persons per room
Fewer than one	22.9	20.2	31.0	17.1	11.8	22.0	16.2
One	35.7	37	43.8	38.0	35.1	37.9	39.2
More than one and less than two	26.0	27.7	20.8	31.8	38.9	25.0	28.0
Two or more	15.4	15.1	4.4	13.1	14.2	15.1	16.5
N	74,260	58,576	2,308	18,848	11,530	23,803	5,263

Table 2. Multinominal logistic regression models on district (sector) location of households in Bucharest in 1992

Ref: Sector 5	Sector 1		Sector 2		Sector 3		Sector 4		Sector 6
Buildings	All	Multistory	All	Multistory	All	Multistory	All	Multistory	All	Multistory
Model	1A	1B	1A	1B	1A	1B	1A	1B	1A	1B
Age categories (ref: 75 and more)
15–29	1.339***	1.511***	1.484***	1.601***	1.333***	1.329***	1.203**	1.198**	1.401***	1.498***
30–44	1.969***	2.358***	1.690***	2.030***	1.734***	2,047***	1.468***	1.686***	1.876***	2.372***
45–59	3.060***	4.403***	1.947***	2.389***	1.658***	2.197***	1.235**	1.555***	1.652***	2.390***
60–74	3.138***	3.762***	1.913***	2.180***	1327**	1.904***			1.386***	2.223***
Activity status (ref: not active)
Active	0.894*
Educational attainment (ref: primary and/or less)
Secondary	1.784***	2.315***	1.323***	1.306***	1.400***	1,328***	1.365***	1.229***	1.672***	1.475***
Higher	3.891***	6.014***	2.283***	2.200***	1.617***	1.508***	1.381***	1.213**	2.248***	1.939***
Persons per room (ref: less than one)
One	1.100*		1.121*		1.541***	1.177**	1.242***		1.234***	0.894*
More than one less than two		0.783***		0.813**	1.480***	1.165**	1.206***		1.285***
Two and more	1.260***		1.278***		1.852***	1.519***	1.194**		1.463***
Constant	0.409***	0.194***	0.867*	0,819*	0.849*	1.044*	0.779**	1.017*	0.711***	0.926*
N	73,201	57,761
Clusters	7424	6428
R^2	0,049	0,052

Figure 1. The spatial structure of Bucharest in 1992

Table 3. Multinominal logistic regression models on floor location of households, prewar tenement buildings of four and more stories

Ref: Sector 5	Floors 1 and 2		Floors 3 and 4		Floors 5 and more		Basement and attic
Model	2A	2B	2A	2B	2A	2B	2A	2B
Age categories (ref: 75 and more)
15–29
30–44		0.466*
45–59
60–74
Activity status (ref: not active)
Active		1.591*			1.561*
Educational attainment (ref: primary and/or less)
Secondary			1.530*	1.521*			0.476*	0.481*
Higher	1.591*		1.871**	1.759*			0.220**	0.224**
Persons per room (ref: less than one)
One
More than one less than two		0.462**
Two and more	0.511**	0.383*		0.415*		0.582*	0.183**	0.198**
Constant	2.597**	2.893**	2.127**	3.483***	2.842**	2.582**	0.674	0.425*
N	2061	2061
Clusters	527	527
R^2	0.026	0.033

Table 4. Multinominal logistic regression models on floor location of households, postwar apartment buildings of five to nine stories

Ref:ground floor	Floors 1 and 2				Floors 3 and 4				Floors 5–7				Floors 8 and 9
Buildings	All		Constructed after 1979		All		Constructed after 1979		All		Constructed after 1979		All		Constructed after 1979
Models	3A	3B	4A	4B	3A	3B	4A	4B	3A	3B	4A	4B	3A	3B	4A	4B
Age categories (ref: 75 and more)
15-29				0.645*						1.691**		2.554***		3.288***		12.263***
30-44						1.539**				2.807***		4.243***		4.677***		16.780***
45-59		1.472**				1.822***		2.032**		3.001***		4.769***		3.642***		11.746***
60-74						1.494***		1.553*		2.058***		2.531***		2.366***		4.113***
Activity status (ref: not active)
Active	0.868*		0.812*						1.265***		1.594***		1.522***		2.491***
Educational attainment (ref: primary and/or less)
Secondary	1.375***	1.313***	1.584***	1.574***	1.415***	1.321***	1.564***	1.525***	1.237***	1.161**	1.324***	1.251**			1.242*
Higher	2.591***	2.269***	3.817***	3.441***	2.581***	2.190***	3.928***	3.469***	2.048***	1.777***	2.717***	2.330***
Persons per room (ref: less than one)
One	0.754***	0.597***	0.767*	0.593***		0.741**				0.708***		0.736*		0.753*
More than one less than two	0.811*	0.519***		0.479***		0.683**		0.687*		0.746***		0.742*	1.292*		1.585**
Two and more	0.422***	0.291***	0.427***	0.275***	0.528***	0.364**	0.555*	0.357***	0.605***	0.435***	0.656**	0.425***	0.766*	0.587***
Constant	2.756***	2.200***	2.697***	2.306***	2.174***	1.416**	1.798***	1.436**	2.784***	1.334*	2.029***	1.671**	0.876	0.587***	0.439***	0.079***
N		18,652		11,369
Clusters		2685		1642
R^2	0.019	0.052	0.026	0.062

Table 5. Multinominal logistic regression models on floor location of households, postwar apartment buildings of 10 and more stories

Ref: ground floor	Floors 1 and 2				Floors 3 and 4				Floors 5–7				Floors 8 and 9				Floors 10 and more
Buildings	All		Constructed after 1979		All		Constructed after 1979		All		Constructed after 1979		All		Constructed after 1979		All		Constructed after 1979
Models	5A	5B	6A	6B	5A	5B	6A	6B	5A	5B	6A	6B	5A	5B	6A	6B	5A	5B	6A	6B
Age categories (ref: 75 and more)
15–29										1.413*		2.408*		3.629***		10.809***		2.810***		8.511**
30–44						1.441**				2.171***		2.665**		4.848***		10.845***		4.451***		8.544***
45–59						1.707***				2.355***		3.171**		4.712***		9.501***		3.395***		8.013***
60–74						1.438***				1.869***		2.228**		2.903***		4.372***		2.348***		3.227*
Activity status (ref: not active)
Active					1.258***				1.659***	1.324**	1.725***		2.259***	1.393**	2.913***		2.600***	1.563***	3.659***	1.806*
Educational attainment (ref: primary and/or less)
Secondary	1.437***	1.368***			1.370***	1.306***			1.271***	1.204**			1.210**				1.277***
Higher	2.299***	1.994***	3.239***	2.786***	2.240***	1.994***	3.465***	3.019***	1.781***	1.619***	2.263***	2.244**	1.472***	1.329**	1.924**
Persons per room (ref: less than one)
One	0.855*	0.739***			0.821*	0.710***				0.774**				0.797**				0.783**
More than one less than two		0.715***				0.690***		0.579*		0.764**
Two and more	0.635***	0.469***	0.420***	0.339***	0.627***	0.456***	0.504**	0.389**	0.715***	0.537***			0.816*	0.609***				0.690**
Constant	2.140***	1.823***	3.597***	0.396***	2.100***	1.407**	3.387***	2.412**	2.684***	1.486***	3.369***	2.875***	1.437***	0.503***	1.426*	0.293**	0.688***	0.316***	0.713	0.197**
N		23,478		5193
Clusters		3108		858
R^2	0.018	0.053	0.031	0.099