Weight status and nonadherence to asthma maintenance therapy among children enrolled in a public drug insurance plan

Abstract

Objective: The pediatric obese-asthma phenotype is associated with poor control, perhaps because of medication nonadherence. This study aimed to assess whether weight status is associated with nonadherence in children prescribed new asthma maintenance therapies.

Methods: A historical cohort was constructed from a clinical database linking individual patient and prescription data to Quebec’s prescription claims registry. Children aged 2–18 years with specialist-diagnosed asthma who were newly prescribed one of the following maintenance controllers: leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA); low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS); medium/high-dose ICS; or combination therapy (ICS with long-acting beta-2 agonists and/or LTRA), at the Asthma Center of the Montreal Children’s Hospital from 2000–2007 were included. Primary nonadherence was defined as not claiming any prescriptions, whereas secondary nonadherence was measured with the proportion of prescribed days covered (PPDC ≤ 50%) among primary adherers over a 6-month follow-up period. A modified Poisson regression model served to estimate the effect of excess weight (BMI > 85^th percentile) on primary and secondary nonadherence.

Results: Approximately one third of patients were primary nonadherers and 60% took less than 50% of prescribed therapy. Excess weight was associated with a trend toward increased risk of primary nonadherence in children newly prescribed low-dose ICS (RR 1.53, 95%CI 0.94–2.49), and of secondary nonadherence in children initiating medium/high-dose ICS (RR 1.24; 95%CI 0.98–1.59).

Conclusions: Excess weight status is a possible determinant of primary nonadherence in children initiating low-dose ICS and secondary nonadherence to higher-dose ICS regimens. This hypothesis-generating study suggests that nonadherence may be a potential contributor to higher morbidity in children with obese-asthma.

Keywords:

• Compliance
• controller therapy
• inhaled corticosteroids
• leukotriene receptor antagonists
• long-acting beta-2 agonists
• body mass index
• obesity

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Fonds de la Recherche du Québec en Santé (FRQ-S) for the infrastructure support provided to the Research CentreCenter of the CHU Sainte-Justine, the doctoral scholarship awarded to Cristina Longo, and the senior career award to Tracie A. Barnett. They would also like to acknowledge the curators of the Montreal Pediatric Asthma Database, led by Dr. Francine Ducharme, for allowing access to this comprehensive database, McGill’s Family Medicine Graduate Programs, and the Research Institute of CHU Sainte-Justine for their support.

Disclosure statement

Francine M. Ducharme has received research funds from Merck Canada, unrestricted funds from Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda, Novartis, and Glaxosmithkline, and was an consultant to Merck and Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by the Fonds de la Recherche du Québec en Santé (FRQ-S).