Home self-monitoring in patients with asthma using a mobile spirometry system

Figures & data

Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion criteria

cExclusion criteria

Age ≥ 18 years Ability to perform spirometry Diagnosed and treated asthma Controlled or partly controlled asthma according to the criteria of the Global Initiative for Asthma (2017) Smartphone ownership (iOS or Android with BT4.0)

Untreated or uncontrolled asthma Lung diseases other than asthma, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Aneurysms of the aorta or cerebral arteries Surgery in the anterior eye segment (e.g. cataract, glaucoma) within 6 months; surgery in the vitreous body (e.g. for retinal detachment) within 2 months; opthalmoplastic surgery within 2 weeks Increased intracranial pressure Previous retinal detachment Hemoptysis without a known cause Pneumothorax Myocardial infarction within 6 weeks Stroke within 6 weeks Previous ear, nose, or throat surgery Nausea, vomiting, persistent cough, acute infection Abdominal or thoracic pain hindering full inspiration and expiration Vertigo Cardiac arrhythmia Pregnancy or lactation Active participation in another clinical trial

Figure 1. The mean number of days in which participants used the device correctly once or more for each study site (error bars represent 95% confidence intervals) [“number of days”/”sites”]. Dots represent data of individual patients.

Table 2. Baseline characteristics of all (n = 86) enrolled participants.

Variable		Patients
Age [years]	mean (SD)	All patients 37.4 (11.4)
		Female 38.6 (10.4)
		Male 36.2 (12.1)
Gender	n	Female 41 (47%)
Systolic blood pressure [mmHg]	mean (SD)	121 (11)
Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg]	mean (SD)	75 (7)
Heart rate [beat per minute]	mean (SD)	74 (9)
Height [cm]	mean (SD)	174 (10)
Weight [kg]	mean (SD)	80 (17)
Respiratory rate [breaths per minute]	mean (SD)	15.2 (1.7)
Level of asthma control according to GINA	n	Controlled 27 (32%)
		Partly controlled 58 (67%)
		Uncontrolled 0 (0%)
Asthma duration [years]	mean (SD)	15.7 (13.3)
Comorbidities	n	allergy 42 (49%);
		allergic rhinitis 38 (45%)
		eye disorders 12 (14%);
		gastrointestinal diseases 6 (7%);
		diseases of the liver, pancreas, and biliary tract 6 (7%);
		skin diseases 6 (7%);
		musculoskeletal diseases 4 (5%);
		cardiovascular diseases 2 (2%);
		psychiatric diseases 2 (2%);
		hematological diseases 1 (1%);
		endocrine diseases 1 (1%);
		other 3 (3%).

GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2. Percentage of patients who met the primary end-point [“Percentage of patients”/”sites”].

Figure 3. The percentage of patients who performed at least three acceptable spirometry measurements within seven days in each week of the study [“Percentage of patients”/”sites”].

Figure 4. The number of patients who used the device once or more daily during the study. All measurements are marked in red, acceptable ones – in blue. [“number of patients”/”study day”].