Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported asthma among sámi in Sweden: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of weighted study sample, SámiHET 2021.

	N (%)
Socio-demographic factors
Sex
Men	1798 (49.1)
Women	1860 (50.9)
Age
18–29	463 (12.7)
30–44	861 (23.5)
45–64	1381 (37.7)
65–84	954 (26.1)
Region of residence
Norrbotten	1789 (48.9)
Västerbotten	845 (23.1)
Jämtland	268 (7.3)
Stockholm	282 (7.7)
Other	474 (13.0)
Socio-economic factors
Education
High	865 (23.7)
Medium	2258 (61.8)
Low	529 (14.5)
Financial strain
No	3023 (83.4)
Yes	602 (16.6)
Difficulties to make ends meet
No	3121 (85.8)
Yes	515 (14.2)
Mean income (sd)	266,135 (245,456.8)
Culture-related factors
Sámi reindeer herding community
None	2051 (56.9)
Mountain	1112 (30.9)
Forest	390 (10.8)
Concession	50 (1.4)
Worked with reindeers (last 12 months)
No	2254 (61.6)
Yes	1404 (38.4)
Behavioral factors
Smoking
No	3311 (91.1)
Yes	323 (8.9)
Psychosomatic factors
Allergy
No	2128 (58.8)
Yes	1492 (41.2)
BMI
Normal	1465 (40.7)
Overweight	1419 (39.4)
Obese	717 (19.9)
Stress
No	3162 (87.2)
Yes	465 (12.8)

Table 2. Prevalence of asthma symptoms by risk factors, and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI); SámiHET study 2021.

	N (%)	Crude PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR (95% CI)
Socio-demographic factors
Sex
Men	207 (11.7)	1	1
Women	295 (15.9)	1.36 (1.15–1.63)	1.19 (1.01–1.42)
Age
18–29	66 (14.4)	1
30–44	118 (13.8)	0.96 (0.70–1.31)
45–64	207 (15.0)	1.05 (0.78–1.40)
65–84	111 (11.9)	0.83 (0.61–1.12)
Region of residence
Norrbotten	213 (12.1)	1	1
Västerbotten	143 (17.1)	1.41 (1.15–1.73)	1.35 (1.11–1.63)
Jämtland-Härjedalen	39 (14.6)	1.19 (0.86–1.66)	1.30 (0.95–1.77)
Stockholm	40 (14.2)	1.18 (0.86–1.62)	1.10 (0.81–1.50)
Other	67 (14.2)	1.18 (0.91–1.53)	1.01 (0.79–1.29)
Socio-economic factors
Education
High	127 (14.7)	1
Medium	317 (14.1)	0.96 (0.80–1.16)
Low	60 (11.6)	0.78 (0.57–1.07)
Financial strain
No	378 (12.5)	1	1
Yes	123 (20.4)	1.63 (1.34–1.99)	1.34 (1.07–1.69)
Difficulties to make ends meet
No	404 (12.9)	1	1
Yes	100 (19.3)	1.49 (1.21–1.85)	0.92 (0.71–1.19)
Income
Q1 (richest)	84 (11.9)	1
Q2	106 (14.8)	1.25 (0.95–1.64)
Q3	104 (14.4)	1.21 (0.92–1.59)
Q4	100 (14.1)	1.19 (0.90–1.57)
Q5 (poorest)	109 (14.2)	1.19 (0.90–1.57)
Culture-related factors
Sámi reindeer herding community
None	303 (14.6)	1
Mountain	138 (12.3)	0.85 (0.69–1.03)
Forest	53 (13.6)	0.93 (0.69–1.25)
Concession	9 (18.0)	1.21 (0.63–2.34)
Worked with reindeers
No	327 (14.6)	1
Yes	175 (12.6)	0.86 (0.72–1.03)
Behavioral factors
Smoking
No	461 (13.9)	1
Yes	43 (13.3)	0.95 (0.69–1.30)
Psychosomatic factors
Allergy
No	89 (4.2)	1	1
Yes	417 (27.7)	6.70 (5.32–8.43)	6.45 (5.11–8.17)
Weight (BMI)
Normal	148 (10.1)	1	1
Overweight	205 (14.3)	1.41 (1.15–1.74)	1.46 (1.19–1.78)
Obese	149 (20.7)	2.06 (1.65–2.56)	1.75 (1.41–2.17)
Stress
No	411 (13.0)	1	1
Yes	94 (20.1)	1.55 (1.25–1.93)	1.21 (0.98–1.49)

Data availability

The raw/processed data required to reproduce the above findings cannot be shared at this time due to legal/ethical reasons.