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Aerosol Science and Technology Volume 41, 2007 - Issue 7
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Original Articles

Raman Microspectroscopic Analysis of Size-Resolved Atmospheric Aerosol Particle Samples Collected with an ELPI: Soot, Humic-Like Substances, and Inorganic Compounds

N. P. Ivleva Technical University of Munich, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Munich, Germany
,
U. McKeon Technical University of Munich, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Munich, Germany
,
R. Niessner Technical University of Munich, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Munich, Germany
&
U. Pöschl Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Biogeochemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
Pages 655-671 | Received 28 Nov 2006, Accepted 30 Mar 2007, Published online: 06 Jun 2007

Figures & data

TABLE 1 ELPI stage cut-off diameters and exemplary mass size distribution of air particulate matter collected on 5–14 May 2003: Da,50% is the aerodynamic diameter of particles that are deposited with 50% efficiency on a given stage, i.e., the lower cut-off diameter of the size range of particles deposited on this stage (CitationELPI 2003)

FIG. 1 Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of different soot samples and related carbonaceous materials. The spectra are offset for clarity.

FIG. 1 Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of different soot samples and related carbonaceous materials. The spectra are offset for clarity.

FIG. 2 Integrated band intensity ratio I D3 /I G vs. apparent elemental carbon (ECa) fraction of reference materials for soot and humic-like substances (mean values ± standard deviations).

FIG. 2 Integrated band intensity ratio I D3 /I G vs. apparent elemental carbon (ECa) fraction of reference materials for soot and humic-like substances (mean values ± standard deviations).

FIG. 3 Full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of D1 band vs. apparent elemental carbon (ECa) fraction of reference materials for soot and humic-like substances (mean values ± standard deviations; linear fit to graphite and soot samples).

FIG. 3 Full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of D1 band vs. apparent elemental carbon (ECa) fraction of reference materials for soot and humic-like substances (mean values ± standard deviations; linear fit to graphite and soot samples).

FIG. 4 Exemplary Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of soot or humic-like substances in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The spectra are offset for clarity.

FIG. 4 Exemplary Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of soot or humic-like substances in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The spectra are offset for clarity.

FIG. 5 Exemplary Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of soot or humic-like substances in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 10 (a, humic-like) and 4 (b, soot-like) with five band fits.

FIG. 5 Exemplary Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of soot or humic-like substances in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 10 (a, humic-like) and 4 (b, soot-like) with five band fits.

FIG. 6 Full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of D1 band vs. ELPI stage number of aerosol particle samples collected in May (a), September (b), and December 2003 (c) (mean values ± standard deviations).

FIG. 6 Full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of D1 band vs. ELPI stage number of aerosol particle samples collected in May (a), September (b), and December 2003 (c) (mean values ± standard deviations).

FIG. 7 Integrated band intensity ratio I D3 /I G vs. the ELPI stage number for aerosol particles collected in May (a), September (b), and December 2003 (c) (mean values ± standard deviations).

FIG. 7 Integrated band intensity ratio I D3 /I G vs. the ELPI stage number for aerosol particles collected in May (a), September (b), and December 2003 (c) (mean values ± standard deviations).

FIG. 8 Exemplary Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of inorganic compounds in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 10 (a), 9 (b), 8 (c), 7 (d), and 6 (e).

FIG. 8 Exemplary Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) of inorganic compounds in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 10 (a), 9 (b), 8 (c), 7 (d), and 6 (e).

FIG. 9 The proportion of the Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) with signals characteristic for nitrates, sulfates, soot/HULIS, and high fluorescence in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 10–7.

FIG. 9 The proportion of the Raman spectra (λ0 = 514 nm) with signals characteristic for nitrates, sulfates, soot/HULIS, and high fluorescence in air particulate matter collected in May 2003 on ELPI stages 10–7.

TABLE 2 Raman mapping of ELPI samples collected on 5–14 May 2003 (stages 7–10): investigated area, number of particle deposition spots investigated; number of spectra recorded; ratio of the number of all spectra with signals characteristic for nitrates, sulfates, soot/HULIS, or high fluorescence (“characteristic spectra”) to the number of recorded spectra; proportion of different types of characteristic spectra relative to the number of all characteristic spectra (arithmetic mean values ± standard deviations from averaging over different particle deposition spots)

TABLE A1 Spectral parameters for the first-order Raman bands of different soot samples and related carbonaceous materials (λ0 = 514 nm): number of analyzed spectra (n), band position (Stokes Raman Shift, cm−1), full width at half maximum (FWHM, cm−1), peak intensity ratios relative to the G band (arithmetic mean values ± standard deviations)

TABLE A2 Spectral parameters for the first-order Raman bands of soot aerosol particles deposited on ELPI stages in May 2003 (λ0 = 514 nm): particle cut-off diameter (Da,50%, μ m), number of analyzed spectra (n), band position (Stokes Raman Shift, cm−1), full width at half maximum (FWHM, cm−1), peak intensity ratios relative to the G band (arithmetic mean values ± standard deviations)

TABLE A3 Spectral parameters for the first-order Raman bands of soot aerosol particles deposited on ELPI stages in September 2003 (λ0 = 514 nm): particle cut-off diameter (Da,50%, μ m), number of analyzed spectra (n), band position (Stokes Raman Shift, cm−1), full width at half maximum (FWHM, cm−1), peak intensity ratios relative to the G band (arithmetic mean values ± standard deviations)

TABLE A4 Spectral parameters for the first-order Raman bands of soot aerosol particles deposited on ELPI stages in December 2003 (λ0 = 514 nm): particle cut-off diameter (Da,50%, μ m), number of analyzed spectra (n), band position (Stokes Raman Shift, cm−1), full width at half maximum (FWHM, cm−1), peak intensity ratios relative to the G band (arithmetic mean values ± standard deviations)

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