Deposition of Man-Made Fibers in a Human Nasal Airway

Figures & data

FIG. 1 The test man-made fiber materials (a) carbon fiber, (b) TiO₂ fiber, and (c) glass fiber.

TABLE 1 Comparison of the physical characteristics for different man-made fiber materials

Fiber Type	Density	Diameter	Length	d ae ^a
Carbon	1.83 g/cm^3	CMD = 3.66 μ m	CML = 14.83 μ m	7.6–12.8 μ m
		σg = 1.11 ^b	σg = 4.00	(L = 10–300 μ m)
TiO2	4.23 g/cm^3	CMD = 0.59 μ m	CML = 3.20 μ m	2.1–2.7 μ m
		σg = 1.18	σg = 1.52	(L = 2.5–12.0 μ m)
Glass	2.56 g/cm^3	CMD = 0.62 μ m	CML = 7.67 μ m	1.8–2.3 μ m
		σg = 1.30	σg = 1.57	(L = 3.5–20.0 μ m)

FIG. 2 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for the TiO₂ fiber deposition study.

FIG. 3 Deposition efficiency as a function of the impaction parameter for different man-made fiber materials in the human nasal airway.

FIG. 4 Comparison of fiber deposition patterns in the human nasal airway (a) the relatively short fibers in each fiber material, and (b) the relatively long fibers in each fiber material.

TABLE 2 Comparison of the regional deposition fractions and the regional deposition efficiencies for different man-made fiber materials in the human nasal airway

	Anterior		Turbinate		Posterior
	Dep. fraction (%)	Dep. efficiency	Dep. fraction (%)	Dep. efficiency	Dep. fraction (%)	Dep. efficiency
Carbon Fiber length: 10–40 μ m
15 l/min	35.3	0.35	30.6	0.47	1.0	0.03
30 l/min	77.4	0.77	19.6	0.87	0.5	0.15
43.5 l/min	82.6	0.83	17.2	0.99	0.1	0.51
TiO2 Fiber length: 2–4 μ m
15 l/min	2.3	0.02	4.9	0.05	0.0	0.00
30 l/min	2.1	0.02	3.5	0.04	1.4	0.01
43.5 l/min	2.7	0.03	6.3	0.07	1.0	0.01
Glass Fiber length: 4–6 μ m
15 l/min	1.0	0.01	2.4	0.02	0.1	0.00
30 l/min	1.3	0.01	1.3	0.01	0.3	0.00
43.5 l/min	2.9	0.03	5.1	0.05	0.2	0.00
Carbon Fiber length: 70–100 μ m
15 l/min	47.7	0.51	33.8	0.66	0.9	0.05
30 l/min	87.7	0.88	11.8	0.96	0.2	0.36
43.5 l/min	82.5	0.82	17.4	0.99	0.1	0.72
TiO2 Fiber length: 6–8 μ m
15 l/min	1.8	0.02	3.3	0.03	0.0	0.00
30 l/min	7.0	0.07	9.8	0.11	3.8	0.05
43.5 l/min	1.8	0.02	2.0	0.02	0.6	0.01
Glass Fiber length: 8–10 μ m
15 l/min	0.0	0.00	4.3	0.04	0.0	0.00
30 l/min	1.8	0.02	2.5	0.03	0.2	0.00
43.5 l/min	4.8	0.05	5.0	0.05	0.1	0.00

FIG. 5 Comparison of the deposition efficiencies and related deposition patterns between fibers and spherical particles.

FIG. 6 The best-fit equations of the nasal deposition for fibers and spherical particles.