Chemical Smoke Marker Emissions During Flaming and Smoldering Phases of Laboratory Open Burning of Wildland Fuels

Figures & data

FIG. 1 Observations of smoke particles during FLAME II open biomass burning experiments: (a) comparisons of the ratios of K⁺ (at m/z 38.964) and C₂H₄O⁺ ₂ (at m/z 60.021) to total AMS particle mass for flaming and smoldering fire phases of individual FLAME II burns; (b) relationship of organic equivalent concentrations of C₂H₄O⁺ ₂ from the AMS to the concentration of levoglucosan or the concentration sum of levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan measured from simultaneously collected filter samples (Sullivan et al. 2008); (c) a hypothetical computed AMS anhydrosugar-equivalent concentration (determined as 7.5 times AMS C₂H₄O⁺ ₂) to levoglucosan + mannosan + galactosan concentrations measured in simultaneously collected filter samples; (d) AMS organic aerosol concentration vs. AMS C₂H₄O⁺ ₂ organic equivalent concentration for individual FLAME II burns. The plotted points in each panel represent the average values measured, typically over several minutes of sampling. The orthogonal distance regression approach was used to compute best fit lines in panels (b)–(d).

Sullivan , A. P. , Holden , A. S. , Patterson , L. A. , McMeeking , G. R. , Kreidenweis , S. M. , Malm , W. C. , Hao , W. M. , Wold , C. E. and Collett , J. L. 2008 . A Method for Smoke Marker Measurements and its Potential Application for Determining the Contribution of Biomass Burning from Wildfires and Prescribed Fires to Ambient PM2.5 Organic Carbon . J. Geophys. Res. , 113 : D22302

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