Large Eddy Simulation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Formation and Growth in Turbulent Jets

Figures & data

FIG. 1 Flow configuration.

FIG. 2 Cross-stream profiles of time-averaged (a) streamwise velocity,

, and (b) conserved scalar,

, at three different downstream locations.

FIG. 3 Contours of the instantaneous z-direction averaged conserved scalar, φ: (a) DNS; (b) LES.

FIG. 4 Cross-stream profiles of the time-averaged TiO ₂ vapor mass-fraction,

, at three different downstream locations.

FIG. 5 Cross-stream profiles of the time-averaged particle number concentrations at three different downstream locations (Case 1): (a) d_k =2nm; (b) d_k =8nm; (c) d_k =16nm; (d) d_k =32nm.

FIG. 6 Cross-stream profiles of the time-averaged mean diameter,

, at three different downstream locations: (a) Case 1; (b) Case 2.

FIG. 7 Cross-stream profiles of the time-averaged geometric standard deviation,

, at three different downstream locations: (a) Case 1; (b) Case 2.

FIG. 8 Instantaneous contours of (a) mean diameter, d_m , and (b) geometric standard deviation, σ _g , on an iso-surface of vorticity magnitude, |ω|=1.8.